THE KIDNEYS SECRETION OF URINE. 



501 



We shall presently find the principal cause of some of the variations even 

 here shown, to lie in the nature of the ingesta. The following table 1 will 

 show the usual constituents of healthy urine, and the quantities excreted in 

 24 hours : 



Urinary Constituents. 



Average quantity excreted 

 in 24 hours, in grains. 



Average quantity excreted for 



each 1 ft>. avoir, of body-weight 



(estimating this at. 150 Ibs.), 



per diem, in grains. 



Urea, 



Uric Acid, 



Hippuric Acid, . . . 



Kreatinin, 



Sugar, 



Xanthin, 



Kryptophanic, 2 . . "] 



Phenylic, .... 



Tau ry lie, .... 



Damaiuric, 



Damolic, .... |- Acids, 



Crystalline fatty acid, 

 possibly Palmitic 

 (Shunck), . . . 



Oxaluric, .... 



Pigment, 



Mucus, 



Inorganic Salts, 



(varying greatly in their relative pro- 

 portions according to the nature of the 

 food, and composed of) 



Sulphuric Acid, 



Phosphoric Acid, 



Chlorine, 



Potash, 



Soda, 



Lime, 



Magnesia, 



Silicic Acid, 



512 



8.5 

 15 

 15 



3 5 

 0.057 

 0.1 

 0.1 



Traces. 



140 to 380 



17.34 to 41.14 



31 to 79 

 51.87 to 173.2 

 26.36 to 107.7 

 79.75 to 171 

 2.33 to 6.36 

 2.53 to 4 21 

 Traces. 



0.933 to 2.53 



0.115 

 0207 

 0.345 

 175 

 0.531 

 0.015 

 0.016 



0.27 

 0.526 

 1.154 

 0.718 

 1.14 

 to 0.042 

 to 0.028 



It is difficult, if not impossible, to determine the exact mode in which the 

 acids are distributed amongst the bases, but the Chlorides and Phosphates 

 seem to be eliminated in the following proportions : 



Grains in 24 hours. 



Sodium Chloride, ..... about 250 

 Ammonium Chloride, ..." 35 

 Magnesium Phosphate, " 5 ) Lehmann and 



Calcic Phosphate, " 10 j Kletzinsky. 



The relation between the two last is reversed by Neubauer. 



The urine contains, in addition, free carbonic acid, oxygen, and nitrogen 

 gases ; together with a certain and not inconsiderable quantity of extractive 

 matters, consisting of substances whose nature has not been accurately de- 

 termined, as in the case of those containing sulphur and phosphorus, the 



1 Chiefly drawn up from the works of Parkes, On the Urine, 1860, Lond. ; Thudi- 

 chum, On the Pathology of the Urine, 1858, Lond. ; and Neubauer and Vogel, On 

 the Urine, Lond., 1863, New Sydenham Society's translation; to which excellent 

 treatises the reader desirous of further information is referred. 



2 The presence of Kryptophanic Acid is given on the authority of Dr. Thudichum 

 (Centralblatt, 1870, Nos. 13 and 14), but his statements have been called in question 

 by Pircher, Centralblatt, 1871, p. 322. 



