848 



OP THE VOICE AND SPEECH. 



space bounded by the posterior wall of the Pharynx (Fig. 302) and the base 

 of the tongue, the upper curved free edge of the epiglottis (e) is seen, its 

 lateral portions just touching the posterior pharyugeal wall, and its central 



T 



Part of Fig. 300 enlarged, to show the Direction of the Muscular Forces which act on the Arytenoid 

 cartilage. N v s, the right Arytenoid cartilage; T v, its vocal ligament; B R s, bundle of ligaments 

 uniting it to Cricoid ; o P, projection of its axis of articulation ; h, g, direct ion of the action of the Thy ro- 

 arytrrioideus; N x, direction of Crico-arytenoideus lateralis ; N w, direction of Crico-arytenoideu* 

 posticus; N Y, direction of Arytenoideus transversus. 



portion arching forwards, so as to leave an interval for the passage of air in 

 the median line. Near the centre of the cleft between the upper border of 

 the epiglottis and the walls of the pharynx, a transverse baud or cushion (c) 



FIG. 302. 



FIG. 303. 



FK;. IS02. Condition of the Larynx as seen by the Laryngoscope during tranquil respiration: e, epi- 

 glottis ; (e, fissure-like opening of oesophagus ; c, fold of mucous membrane bounding the opening of the 

 glottis posteriorly, and extending between the tubercles of the cartilages of Santoriui. 



FIG. 303. Condition of the Larynx during the emission of the broad vowel sound (A): a, cartilage "' 

 Santorini surmounting the arytenoid cartilages; e, epiglottis ; i v c, inferior or true vocal cord; s v >; 

 superior or false vocal cord of right side. 



is also seen, of a reddish color, and formed by the edge of the fold of mucous 

 membrane sustained between the two separated arytenoid cartilages (a a). 

 The anterior outline of the fold is concave in front, and forms with the 

 superior border of the epiglottis, which is concave behind and situated a 

 little higher, a narrow transversely-elliptical fissure. If the vowel a be now 

 sounded as in ah or eh, the semilunar space behind the base of the tongue is 

 enlarged, the epiglottis rises and separates from the posterior wall of the 

 pharynx, the glottis becomes widely opened, and a considerable portion of 

 the anterior wall of the trachea can be perceived. A small rounded swelling 

 situated to the outer side of the tubercles of Santorini, which was previously 

 concealed by the lateral border of the epiglottis, now also comes into view. 

 The movements of the arytenoid cartilages during the production of vocal 

 sounds can be very distinctly observed by the laryngoscope, and the account 



