7. Anthozoa (incl. Hydrocorallia). A. Zoantharia. 25 



fundibulum und Mertensia ovum werden in der siidlicheii Hemisphare durch 

 Callianira antarctica und cristata ersetzt. Antarctis und Arctis sind arm an 

 Species, Hormiphora geht nur von 45 N. bis 30 S. Das Entwickelungscentrum 

 der Ctenophoren liegt wie bei Medusen und Pteropoden in den warmen Ge- 

 wassern. 2 japanische Arten fanden sich unerwartet auch in der Nahe Sud- 

 africas; danach wie nach anderen Funden ist hier keine Grenzscheide ftir die Fauna 

 des Indischen und des Atlantischen Oceans . Beroe compacta n. Cryptolobata n. 

 primitiva n., 1 min grofi, ohne Lappen und Aurikel, aber eine Lobate, viel- 

 leicht eine Larve. Pleurobrachia crinita n. aus Gronland. Mertensia Chuni n. 

 aus mehr als 2000 m von den Capverden und antarctisch. 



7. Anthozoa (incl. Hydrocorallia). 

 See Carlgren, Kassianow( 2 ) and Mbrner. 



A. Zoantharia. 



See MacMunn, Nordgaard, and supra, Porifera p 1, Chapman. - For fossil 

 forms see Anderson, Clerc, Dennant, Etheridge, FelJx( 1 , 2 J 7 Koby, Shearsby, 

 Suter. 



The 4 new larvae of Dactylactis described by Senna show that these 

 pelagic Cerianthids are found in the inter-tropical regions of all the oceans. 

 In the species from the Indian Ocean the marginal tentacles and mesenteries 

 are formed earlier than in the Atlantic species but the labial tentacles develop 

 later and acontia are wanting. Presence or absence of nematocysts in a certain 

 region is a more useful diagnostic character than their form. The longitudinal 

 muscle fibres are identical on both sides of the mesentery, and the folding 

 of the muscles of the column is present to a greater or less extent according 

 to the species. Two new species of Zoanthella are described. In neither is 

 there any trace of fusion of the flagella to form a membrane, and an aboral 

 pore is wanting. The sioniodieum is shorter on the dorsal than on the ventral 

 side. The length of the mesenteries does not always correspond with their 

 order of development. The longitudinal fibres are always diffused on the two 

 sides of the mesoghsa of the mesenteries and form a very small elevation. 

 Of Zoanthina 3 new species extend the distribution of the genus to the inter- 

 tropical regions of all the oceans. The endoderm may fill the whole coelenteron, 

 obliterating the cavity. In tentaculata longitudinal fibres are visible on the 

 outer side of the mesogloea. The intra- cellular digestion takes place only in 

 the endodermic edges of the mesenteries near the lower end of the stomodseuin. 



Wassilieff describes Actiniae from the east coast of Japan. He regards the 

 Antheomorphidse as a distinct family separate from the Antheadse. In Eyan- 

 thopsis elegans n. the musculature is feebly developed and the oral disc cannot 

 be invaginated. One pair of directives is present but their longitudinal muscles 

 are weakly developed, at the opposite end of the axis there is present a pair 

 of mesenteries whose muscle ridges face each other, and this pair is enclosed 

 in another pair whose muscle ridges also face each other. In some of the 

 ectoderm cells of the tentacles granules are formed in the nucleus, extended into 

 the protoplasm and break up into smaller granules which fuse together to form 

 the spiral of the nematocyst cells. In Dofleinia n. g. (1 sp. ; fam. Antheadse) 

 the body wall is smooth but the oral disc and tentacles, especially the latter, 

 are covered with verruca (batteries of nematocysts). Bolocera longicornis is 



