30 Coelenterata. 



8 between 300 and 400 fms., 1 between 600 and 700 fms., 2 between 800 

 and 900 fms. and 1 between 900 and 1150 fms. 40 fms. is the maximum depth 

 to which any reef species extends. From 100-400 fms. there seems to be a 

 second faunal zone characterised, in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands, by 

 an abundance of Turbinolid and Eupsammid corals, some slender branching 

 Oculinids and Stylophorids and some fragile Fungids. The best conditions for 

 the growth of these corals are realised between 100 and 200 fms. The shallow 

 water zone (0-25 fms.) is characterised by an abundance of larger, more 

 luxuriant Pocilloporidae, Orbicellidse, and Faviidse, the simple and compound 

 Fungids, the Montiporinse and the Poritidae. Occasional individuals of these 

 families may grow at 40 fms., with increasing depth they become smaller and 

 more fragile. Between these two faunal zones there is, in an intermediate zone 

 (25-100 fms.), some commingling of faunas. Beyond the 400 fms. limit the 

 fauna is poor and the species are extremely fragile. The greatest abundance 

 of corals in the Hawaiian Islands is between the temperatures of 73 and 

 78 F. ; all the reef builders live at a temperature between these limits. The 

 best conditions for a profuse development of Turbinolid genera are 100-200 fms. 

 and 40- 50 F. The specific resemblance between the Hawaiian and Panamic 

 coral faunas is not close and there is nothing to suggest faunal migrations 

 between them. The Hawaiian coral fauna should be classed with that of 

 the Southern Pacific-Indian Ocean from which it was probably derived com- 

 paratively recently. There are no Oculinidse, Eusmilida? or Astrangiidse, few 

 Orbicellidse, none of the large, massive, meandroid Faviidse nor of the Mussidse, 

 and Acropora (except echinata) is possibly absent. As the Hawaiian coral 

 fauna is an emigrant one, the absence of some genera and species may be 

 due to the impossibility of transporting the larvae alive for great distances by 

 means of currents while the larvae of other genera and species can withstand 

 such transportation. The author gives a systematic description and discussion 

 of the families, genera and species, including: Flabellum 2, 5 var., Gardineria n. 

 (near Duncania) 1, Placotrochus 1 n., Desmophyllum 1, Paracyathus 4 n., 

 Deltocyathus 1, Trochocyathus 1 n., CaryophylliaS n., 1 n. var., Cyathoceras 1 n., 

 Ceratotrochus 1 n., Anthemiphylliidae n. fam., Anthemiphyllia 1 n., Madre- 

 pora 1 n., Madracis 1 n., 1 n. var., Pocillopora 7 (2 n.), 5 var. (2 n.), 

 Leptastrea 3 (2 n.), Cyphastrea 1, Ccelastrea 1, Favia 3 (1 n.), Mussa 1, 

 Fungia 6 (the Fungiidse are descended from the Agariciidse; F. is the most 

 primitive and from it the other genera of the family are derived by new 

 calices arising asexually on the disc), Pavona 1 n., Leptoseris 4 n., St&pha- 

 naria 2 (1 n.), Psammocora 1 n., Bathyactis 1 n., Stephanophyllia 1, Endo- 

 pachys 1 n., Balanophyllia 4 n., 1 n. var., Dendrophyllia 3 (2 n.), Aniso- 

 psammia 1, 1 n. var., Acropora 1, Montipora 8 (4 n.) and 1 n. var., Porites 18 

 (7 n.), 21 n. formae, 7 n. subformse, Alveopora 1. 



Gravier( 1 ) describes a specimen of Acropora (Madrepora) muricata in the 

 middle region of which a branch had been broken off at its point of attachment 

 and, in falling, its proximal portion dropped into the interval between two young 

 branches while its tip came into contact with one of the principal peripheral 

 trunks. At each of these points growth was stimulated and union took place. 

 The distal extremity of the branch was covered Avith tissue formed after its 

 fall and the apical symmetrical calyx, characteristic of A., is totally enveloped 

 by the recently formed tissue. The proximal end of the branch is also covered 

 with newly formed tissue in which two or three asymmetrical calices are seen; 

 on the upper face of the branch there are several symmetrical calices which 

 would have been the points of origin of new branches. The stump, from 



