7. Anthozoa (incl. Hydrocorallia). B. Alcyonaria. 33 



in form, it contains granular gland cells in its lower third. Between the two 

 ciliated tracts on each of the dorsal mesenterial filaments there are supporting 

 cells and goblet-like gland cells. A mesoglosal cell-plexus is present as in 

 Alcyonium : Xenia, Sarcophytum, etc. The hollow stem of the Telestidse is 

 strengthened by a horny cylinder, with 8 ridges, which becomes thinner in the 

 upper part of the stem, and in the youngest part of the polyps is represented 

 by a fine membrane which divides the mesogkea of the mesentery from that 

 of the body wall. In one stem of T. riisei the horny substance forms an 

 axial mass and the ccelenteron is represented by 6 canals which run along- 

 side the axis, thus approximating to the condition of the Gorgonids, with 

 which the author believes (with Studer) that the Telestids are intimately related. 

 Additional strength is given to the stem by the formation, between the spicules, 

 of horny substance (which has no connection with the horny cylinder) some- 

 times in the form o-' a meshwork. The thick mesogloea of the stem is traversed 

 by a system of line branching canals which lie just under the ectoderm and 

 establish connection between the axial and lateral polyps. This network in 

 the mesoglrea corresponds to a stolon from which only the lateral polyps arise. 

 The polyps of T. are of separate sexes, male and female genital products 

 are found in axial as well as lateral polyps. The author reviews the characters 

 of the species (1 n.) of T. and gives their geographical distribution. 



Gravier( 3 ) describes the anatomy of Sarcophytum mycetoides n. and points out 

 that the zoochlorellse (for the two forms of which see Bericht f. 1907 Coel. 

 p 32) present in the general endoderm also penetrate into the capsule of the 

 egg so that when this is detached it carries the alga with it. The siphonozooids 

 communicate with each other by means of fenestrae in their walls, and with the 

 autozooids by means of canals (not longitudinal) some of which are ciliated. 

 He also describes Xenia 1, Lithophytum 1, Dendronephthya 5 (2 n.), Siphono- 

 gorgia 1, Juncella 1, Mesobelemnon n. [s. Bericht f. 1907 Coel. p 34], Scytalio- 

 psidae n. fam., Soytaliopsis n. [ibid. f. 1906 Coel. p 36] and the burrowing 

 of the last named [ibid. f. 1907 p 351. 



Hickson has re-examined his Eunephthya maldivensis which he now places 

 in the genus Lithophytum as defined by Kiikenthal. He considers that the 

 presence or absence of the Stiitzbundel, on which K. bases his classification 

 of the Nephthyidte, is not a satisfactory character, and deprecates the division 

 of Spongodes into Dendronephthya and Stereonephthya the distinction between 

 which, as defined by K., is not one of any practical importance. Kiiken- 



thal ( 4 , in reply, holds that Sp. must be regarded only as a synonym of 

 Nephthya. 



Kiikenthal ( 3 ) gives a diagnosis of the family Melitodidse and of its genera, 

 and describes Melitodes 4 n., 2 n. var., Acabaria 1 n., Mopsella 3 n., Wright- 

 ella 1 n., Clathraria (emend.) 2 n. 



Kiikenthal ( 2 ) regards Amphilaphis and Thouarella as inseparable; he describes 

 T. 3 n., 1 n. nom., Primnoella 2 (1 n.), Acanthogorgia 3 n., 1 n. var., Icili- 

 gorgia 1 n., Spongioderma 1 n., Titanideum 1 n. and Erythropodium 1 n. 

 which forms a transition from the Alcyonids to the Scleraxonia (especially to 

 Solenocaulon). 



Roule records from Amboyna Clavularia 1 n., Pachyclavularia 1 n. [s. Be- 

 richt f. 1907 Coel. p 34], Tubipora 2, Heliopora 1, Xenia 2, Nephthya 1, Den- 

 dronephthya 2, Lithophytum 1, Paraspongodes 1, Sarcophytum 4, Lobophytum 2 

 (1 n.), Sclerophytum 1, Alcyonium 1, Paramuricea 1, Virgularia 3, Svavopsis 

 1 n. [s. Bericht f. 1907 Coel. p 34], Halisceptrum 3 (1 n.), Pteroides 1. The 

 Alcyonarian fauna of Amboyna is similar to that of the Indian Ocean. The 



