94 METABOLISM DURING WALKING. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH SUBJECT STANDING. 

 METABOLISM DURING STANDING. 



As the metabolism during standing has been generally taken as a. 

 basis for comparison in computing the increments due to the muscular 

 effort of walking, determinations of the metabolism of the subjects 

 under these conditions were made from time to time as the research 

 progressed. When superimposed factors affecting metabolism but 

 little, such as the ingestion of food, body-posture, etc., are to be studied, 

 basal experiments are needed with each comparison, but in walking and 

 other muscular-work experiments, when the superimposed factor results 

 in a large increase in the metabolism, an average base-line, either for the 

 lying metabolism or the standing metabolism, may properly be used, as 

 slight differences from day to day in the basal metabolism are not 

 relatively important. Thus, for W. K. and E. D. B., metabolism 

 experiments with the subject standing were made on 14 and 71 days, 

 respectively, these experiments varying in length from one to six 

 periods each. The daily average values were used for computing the 

 increase in the metabolism during the walking experiments. Such 

 experiments made at intervals during a period of several months per- 

 mitted the observation of any changes in the factors recorded which 

 might be attributed to practice or to seasonal causes. The smaller 

 amount of data obtained with the other subjects is used more especially 

 for comparison with these values for W. K. and E. D. B. 



CARBON-DIOXIDE ELIMINATION. 



The carbon dioxide eliminated per minute by the subjects while 

 standing is given in tables 3 to 7 for each period, together with the daily 

 averages. (See pp. 43 to 55.) The values for H. R. R. for March 20, 

 1915, which was the first day of experimenting with this subject, are so- 

 much larger than those of the other days that they have not been included 

 in the general average for this subject. The average for the carbon 

 dioxide eliminated per minute in the two days remaining is 216 c. c. 



With W. K., standing experiments were made on 14 days, the carbon- 

 dioxide elimination varying from an average of 174 c. c. per minute on 

 March 11 to 200 c. c. per minute on March 13, 1915. The average for 

 the 14 days is 186 c. c. per minute. 



In the 71 days on which standing experiments were made with 

 E. D. B., there were 10 days in February 1916 when the experiment had 

 but one period, and on 3 days in the same month and 1 each in Decem- 

 ber 1915 and April 1916 there were but two periods. On the other 

 experimental days there were three or more periods. The daily 

 average for the 71 days ranged from a minimum of 181 c. c. per minute 



