EXPERIMENTS WITH SUBJECT STANDING. 103 



and but rarely amounts to a full respiration per minute. There are 

 many instances, however, in which the rate is slower in the latter part 

 of the forenoon. With this subject there also seems to be an increase 

 in the respiration-rates from the early days of October up to the latter 

 part of November. Thus, the average respiration-rate for the seven 

 days from October 4 to 14, inclusive, is 13.8, and the average rate in 

 the standing periods from November 18 to December 22, inclusive, 

 is 15.1, while the average of the respiration-rates between April 8 

 and 15, inclusive, is 15.4. These figures show that there was un- 

 doubtedly an increase in the rate from the beginning of the study in 

 October up to the latter part of November, while but little change took 

 place subsequent to that time. The average respiration-rate for the 

 whole series with E. D. B. is 15.4. 



As previously stated, during the period that E. D. B. was incapaci- 

 tated on account of his lame ankle, three of the assistants served as vol- 

 unteer subjects. The respiration-rates obtained with J. H. G., E. L. F., 

 and H. M. S. are given for comparison with those for the regular 

 subjects. There is considerable difference between the respiration- 

 rate of E. L. F. for January 22 and that of January 24, 1916. This 

 man was perfectly familiar with the routine of respiration experiments 

 as carried out in the Nutrition Laboratory, although January 21 was 

 the first time he had ever been the subject of a treadmill experiment. 

 The protocol for January 24 notes that during the second and third 

 standing periods he showed "considerable fatigue" at the end of each 

 period and that it required an "effort to hold out to the end of the 

 period." The statement is also made: "Subject sweating considerably 

 at the end of the period." It is evident that this man was not in the 

 best of condition on that day, although he went through the walking 

 periods subsequently without effort or complaint. The high respira- 

 tion-rate of 17.5 for January 24 is undoubtedly due, in part at least, 

 to the physical condition of the subject. 



PULMONARY VENTILATION WITH SUBJECT STANDING. 



The data showing the lung ventilation of the different subjects during 

 the standing experiments are collected in tables 3 to 7 and represent 

 the average number of liters of air entering the lungs per minute, 

 reduced to standard conditions of temperature and pressure, i. e., 

 C. and 760 mm. The daily averages are later used for comparison 

 with the increased ventilation requirements during walking. The 

 general averages for the subjects are summarized in table 23. 



A. J. 0. showed a ventilation ranging in the different periods from 

 7.4 to 8.3 liters per minute, with an average value of 7.8 liters per 

 minute for the three days represented. With this subject there 

 appeared to be a tendency for the average ventilation to increase 

 from day to day. 



