EXPERIMENTS WITH SUBJECT STANDING. 113 



An examination of the pulse-records for W. K. in the standing 

 position show that, on the whole, the rate changed during the period 

 toward a slightly higher level as the standing continued, this change 

 being with few exceptions between 2 and 4 beats. The interval 

 between periods was usually sufficient to bring the pulse-rate to the 

 original daily level, as seen by a comparison of the first records obtained 

 in each period. An exception is found to this on March 18. This 

 increase in the pulse-rate during the standing period and the decrease 

 during the interval between periods, notwithstanding the fact that the 

 subject was standing in both cases, is probably due to the undoubted 

 effort during the periods of measurement of standing motionless with- 

 out any relaxation by change of position. Although the subject did 

 not keep his muscles rigid during these periods, he neither moved his 

 arms nor shifted his weight from one leg to the other. Furthermore, 

 there was probably the added effect of consciousness of the progress of 

 the experiment which tended to act as a psychical stimulus to the 

 pulse-rate. It may likewise be noted from table 27, although the point 

 will be referred to again (see p. 165), that the average pulse-rate of this 

 subject in level walking was lower in several instances than the average 

 of the preceding standing periods. 



RECTAL BODY-TEMPERATURE WITH SUBJECT STANDING. 



Relatively few observations were made of the body-temperature, 

 and these were with but one subject (E. D. B.). Obviously, the prin- 

 cipal interest of these observations is in indicating the influence of the 

 work of walking. The averages of the records for the standing periods 

 are given in table 6a, and are shown graphically in figure 9. In a few 

 instances they represent but two readings taken at the beginning and 

 end of the periods, respectively, but in the majority of cases the average 

 is for some 5 to 7 readings, made at regular intervals during the period. 



The daily average rectal temperature with this subject standing 

 ranges from 36.36 C. on February 19 to 37.25 C. on February 1 and 

 23, and 37.33 C. on March 24, i. e., well within "normal" limits. The 

 temperature of 36.36 C. on February 19 is for one period only, but is 

 an average of 5 readings which show no greater deviation than on other 

 days and the resistance thermometer had been worn by the subject 21 

 minutes before the first reading was taken ; there seems to be no reason, 

 therefore, for doubting the reliability of this value. In connection 

 with the high value for February 23 (37.25 C.), the experimental sheet 

 carries this notation: "Difficult to get good balance during the first 

 period." "At end of third period, the galvanometer deflected with each 

 step." "Thermometer check in afternoon found O. K." Apparently 

 on this date there was some trouble with the insertion of the thermom- 

 eter and the temperature as recorded is liable to contain some error. 

 On February 1, when the body-temperature was also 37.25 C., the 



