EXPERIMENTS WITH HORIZONTAL WALKING. 



147 



study and show lack of training, are also apparent when the data are 

 presented on this basis. The total increase in the heat-output, calcu- 

 lated on the percentage basis, is given for E. D. B. in table 36. These 

 figures show that for slow to medium speeds of walking (35 to 80 me- 

 ters per minute, that is, not over 3 miles an hour), the per minute in- 

 crease over the standing requirement ranged from 94 to 194 per cent, 

 while for speeds above 80 meters per minute the percentage increase 

 was from 250 to 275 per cent. These percentage values for the 

 increase in the total heat have also been plotted for E. D. B. in the form 

 of a dotted-line curve, and are included in figure 10. 



These increases in the energy-output are given for all of the subjects 

 in table 37 on the basis of per meter increase in speed, and show that 

 for all rates of walking below 80 meters per minute the increase in the 

 heat-output varied on this basis from 0.024 calorie for E. D. B. to 

 0.071 calorie for H. R. R. The average for the group is 0.041 calorie. 

 It is also seen from the detailed values for E. D. B. that for speeds below 

 57 meters per minute, each meter increase in speed required an increase 

 in heat of 0.025 calorie, and from 57 to 78 meters per minute, the in- 

 crease per meter was 0.024 calorie, while for speeds between 78 and 

 96 meters per minute, the increase per meter was nearly two and one- 

 half times larger, namely, 0.060 calorie. 



TABLE 37. Heat-output over standing requirements per 1 meter increase in speed of horizontal 



walking. (Values per minute.) 



third column, table 35. 

 EFFECT OF SPEED UPON INCREASE IN HEAT PER HORIZONTAL KILOQRAMMETER. 



A summary for all of the subjects of the cost per horizontal kilogram- 

 meter per minute as affected by the speed is given in table 38, in which 

 are included the average results for the two subjects of Benedict and 



