244 METABOLISM DURING WALKING. 



these conditions the cord attached to the fork and leading to the kymo- 

 graph passed upwards in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the 

 mill to a pulley above, thence to a second pulley, and thence to the 

 kymograph. 



Unfortunately, none of the original subjects in this research could be 

 secured for the later tests, as they were no longer in the vicinity of 

 Boston. Consequently, another subject was used, and tests were made 

 with the fork not only in the new position, but also for comparison in 

 the position used in the research. No measurements of the metabolism 

 accompanied these tests. Two speeds of walking were employed, one 

 approximately 50 to 55 meters per minute and another from 75 to 87 

 meters per minute. The results show that when the fork was parallel 

 to the treadmill belt there was, as a matter of fact, a somewhat greater 

 step-lift than when the fork was left in the original position. (See 



fig. 1.) 



The string was then attached at the belt of the subject in the position 

 originally used by Benedict and Murschhauser 1 and the results com- 

 pared with those obtained with the fork parallel to the treadmill belt. 

 Very satisfactory agreement was obtained in all cases. The important 

 point brought out in this test is that the step-lift as measured by the 

 method employed in the entire research reported in this publication, 

 namely, with the fork parallel to the floor and not to the angle of ascent, 

 is in all probability somewhat too small rather than too large. In the 

 absence of the original subjects, particularly E. D. B., it seemed unde- 

 sirable to make an attempt to establish closely related correction fac- 

 tors by comparing the step-lift during grade walking as measured with 

 the probable step-lift measured with the fork in what we now believe 

 to be the proper position, i. e., parallel to the surface of the treadmill. 



The method of studying the locomotion of man, devised by Braune 

 and Fischer, 2 is extraordinarily ingenious. No one who reads their 

 original memoir and the subsequent analyses by Fischer can fail to be 

 impressed by this profitable method of attack. It is particularly un- 

 fortunate for us that, if experiments were made by these authors on 

 grade walking, no photographic results were given and no data pub- 

 lished. Had this been the case, we feel sure that the element of un- 

 certainty as to the step-lift in grade walking would have been quickly 

 dispelled. 



Apparently from purely theoretical considerations, Amar 3 has 

 sketched the hypothetical movements of the body in grade walking 

 and clearly indicates a somewhat higher oscillatory motion perpen- 

 dicular to the plane of the belt than would obtain in horizontal walking. 



Benedict and Murschhauser, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 231, 1915, pp. 32 and 40. 

 "Braune and Fischer, Abhandl. d. math.-phys. Klasse d. Konigl. Sachsischen Gesellsch. d. 

 Wissensch., Leipsic, 1895, 21, p. 153. 



3 Amar, Le moteur humain, Paris, 1914, p. 476. 



