PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF GRADE WALKING. 



275 



The average body-temperature is of special interest in experiments 

 in which the energy changes are determined by direct calorimetry and 

 in which an accumulation of heat in the body escapes direct measure- 

 ment. The temperatures as here reported may not be considered as 

 representing the average values for the whole body, for, as has been 

 stated in earlier publications, 1 the temperature of the body as a whole 

 has a wide range. The data given here represent the temperature of 

 the rectum only. If, however, we accept these values as repre- 

 senting the body average, we see that the temperature may be increased 

 from 1 to 2 degrees, which, with a body-weight of 60 kg. and an assumed 



36.40 



FIQ. 37. Contrasting curves of body-temperature of E. D. B., with 

 subject standing and walking on an incline. (Values per minute.) 



1, subject sitting; 2, standing; 3, walking on an incline. Black points, 

 records during experimental periods; open circles, records be- 

 tween periods. 



specific heat of 0.83 C., results in a storage of 100 calories of heat in 

 the body, for which allowance must be made in all studies by direct 

 calorimetry. Since, however, the amount of heat stored in the body 

 is dependent on so many conditions, such as clothing, air-currents, and 

 intensity of work, only direct measurements of the body-temperature 

 in each instance can be relied upon to give this value. It should be 

 noted that we used no electric fan or other artificial means (see p. 37) 

 for keeping the subject cool during the experiments, and the changes 



Benedict and Snell, Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., 1901, 88, p. 492; also, Benedict and Slack, Car- 

 negie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 155, 1911. 



