MENTAL CONSTITUTION OF ANIMALS. 261 



appear there is a part of the brain devoted to perception, and 

 that even this is subdivided into portions which are respectively 

 dedicated to the reception of different sets of ideas, as those of 

 form, size, colour, weight, objects in their totality, events in 

 their progress or occurrence, time, musical sounds, etc. The 

 system of mind invented by this philosopher shows a portion 

 of the brain acting as a faculty of comic ideas, another of imi- 

 tation, another of wonder, one for discriminating, or observing 

 differences, and another in which resides the power of tracing 

 effects to causes. It also fixes on districts of the brain for the 

 sentimental part of our nature, or the affections, at the head of 

 which stand the moral feelings of benevolence, conscientious- 

 ness, and veneration. Through these, man stands in relation 

 to himself, his fellow-men, the external world, and his God ; 

 and through these comes most of the happiness of man's life, 

 as well as that which he derives from the contemplation of 

 the world to come, and the cultivation of his relation to it 

 (pure religion). The other sentiments may be briefly enume- 

 rated, their names being sufficient in general to denote their 

 functions firmness, hope, cautiousness, self-esteem, love of 

 approbation, secretiveness, marvellousness, constructiveness, 

 imitation, combativeness, destructiveness, concentrativeness, ad- 

 hesiveness, love of the opposite sex, love of offspring, alimen- 

 tiveness, and love of life. Through these faculties man is con- 

 nected with the external world, and supplied with active 

 impulses to maintain his place in it as an individual and as a 

 species. There is also a faculty (language) for expressing by 

 whatever means, (signs, gestures, looks, conventional terms in 

 speech,) the ideas which arise in the mind. There is a parti- 

 cular state of each of these faculties, when the ideas of objects 

 once formed by it are revived or reproduced, a process which 

 seems to be intimately allied with some of the phenomena of 

 photography, when images impressed by reflection of the sun's 

 rays upon sensitive paper are, after a temporary obliteration, 

 resuscitated, on the sheet being exposed to the fumes of 

 mercury. Such are the phenomena of memory, that handmaid 

 of intellect, without which there could be no accumulation of 

 mental capital, but an universal and continual infancy. Con- 

 ception and imagination appear to be only intensities, so to 

 speak, of the state of brain in which memory is produced. On 

 their promptness and power depend most of the exertions 

 which distinguish the man of arts and letters, and even in no 

 small measure the cultivator of science. 



