MENTAL CONSTITUTION OF ANIMALS. 269 



a treatment of criminals, it may be further remarked, so that 

 it stop short of affording any encouragement to crime, (a 

 point which experience will determine,) is evidently no more 

 than justice, seeing how accidentally all forms of the moral 

 constitution are distributed, and how thoroughly mutual obli- 

 gation shines throughout the whole frame of society the 

 strong to help the weak, the good to redeem and restrain the 

 bad. 



The sum of all we have seen of the psychical constitution 

 of man is, that its Almighty Author has destined it, like 

 everything else, to be developed from inherent qualities, and 

 to have a mode of action depending immediately on its own 

 organization. Thus the whole appears complete on one prin- 

 ciple. The masses of space are formed by law ; law makes 

 them in due time theatres of existence for plants and animals ; 

 sensation, disposition, intellect, are all in like manner deve- 

 loped and sustained in action by law. It is most interesting 

 to observe into how small a field the whole of the mysteries 

 of nature thus ultimately resolve themselves. The inorganic 

 has been thought to have one final comprehensive law, GRAVI- 

 TATION. The organic, the other great department of mundane 

 things, rests in like manner on one law, and that is DEVE- 

 LOPMENT. Nor may even these be after all twain, but only 

 branches of one still more comprehensive law, the expression 

 of a unity, flowing immediately from the One who is First and 

 Last. 



