IV PROOFS, ILLUSTRATIONS, AUTHORITIES, ETC. 



to be obeyed by all terrestrial objects resembling them." J S. 



/ 7 T 



*/ _ 



Mill : System of Logic. /r 



I f * KM >^ . *J 



3. THERE WAS DRY LAND LONG BEFORE THE OCCUR- 

 RENCE OF THE FIRST FOSSILS OF LAND PLANTS 

 AND ANIMALS. 



" So far as we can ascertain, the depths of the ocean are the spots 

 where rocks are deposited and formed, whilst the dry land and the 

 sea-shore are the places where they are destroyed and wasted away. 

 There is not any known process now acting-, by which the rocks 

 existing in the depths of the ocean could be disintegrated and their 

 detritus formed again into new rocks. Any ancient sedimentary 

 deposit therefore implies not only the existence of a sea in which its 

 materials were deposited, but of a land from which they were de- 

 rived, and rivers and currents by which they were carried down to 

 that sea and spread out over its channel." Professor Nicol, of Cork, 

 Quarterly Journal Geological Society, Aug., 1848. 



Professor Ramsay and Mr. Aveline, of the Geological Survey, 

 " infer from the unconformability of the Caradoc and Wenlock de- 

 posits, in connexion with the old coast-line of the Longmynds and 

 Bishop's Castle series, that both at Builth and Bishop's Castle, the 

 older rocks rose above the level of the sea at the time when the 

 Caradoc sandstone was formed, this land becoming gradually de- 

 pressed during the deposit of the Wenlock and Ludlow rocks. Thus 

 this dry land became covered by thousands of feet of sands and mud 

 mingled with remains of marine animals." President's (De la 

 Seche] Address to Geol. Soc., 1849. 



" All our experience and knowledge, theoretical and practical, 

 warrant the affirmation that atevery known stage of geological time, 

 there were sea and land" Professor Edward Forbes, Add. to 

 Geol. Soc., 1854. 



4. THERE ARE SPECIES COMMON TO DIFFERENT FORMA- 

 TIONS, AND AN UNBROKEN SUCCESSION OF ANIMAL 

 LIFE FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE PRESENT 

 EPOCH. 



" There can be no doubt that fossil species pass from one forma- 

 tion into another, from one period into the next No further 



proof of this need be required, than that the most experienced zoo- 

 logists and botanists, and even the most decided opponents of this 

 view, Agassiz and D'Orbigny, after examining the original specimens 

 adduced in proof, have themselves unconditional!}'- admitted it. ... 

 Almost every one knows certain forms of Terebratula biplicata 



