IIISTOMXIY OK TIIK i'( )IS( )\-< II, A NDS OK IH'KO A ( i I \. 87 



[t is impossible to say whether the total amount of chroiuaffin tissue is proportionately 

 greater, or less, in this toad than in the other Anura, since the tissue is so widely distributed 

 in the animal's body and since there is a tremendous individual variation in si/e in the 

 adrenals, apparently depending somewhat on the size of the animal. 



The cells of the sympathetic ganglia which contain chromaphil granules are arranged 

 in irregular columns or cords, sharply separated from the clumps of ganglion cells by distinct 

 bands of connective tissue (Fig. 9). They may be easily differentiated microscopically by 

 their characteristic nuclei, even in material which has been fixed in fluids which do not con- 

 tain chromates. The cells are large and irregularly polygonal; the cytoplasm is less densely 

 packed with chromaphil granules than is the case in the corresponding cells in the adrenal 

 medulla (fig. 9). The nuclei, which are always eccentric in position, are oval in shape and 

 stain deeply with hematoxylin and other basic dyes. The chromatin network is made up 

 of very fine threads and the nucleus usually contains one or more deeply staining eliminate 

 masses, probably net-knots. The nuclei are usually at least twice the size of the nuclei of 

 the connective-tissue cells of the ganglion or the cells of the nerve-fiber sheaths and they are 

 of course much smaller than the nuclei of the nervous remnants of the ganglion. An occa- 

 sional chromaffin cell may be found in the ganglia of the intestinal sympathetic plexuses 

 and in the testes, but we have failed to find any cell-nests in the walls of the blood-vessels 

 or any abdominal chromaffin bodies or paraganglia. 



The tubular epithelium of the kidneys of Bufo agua show a curious pigmentation 

 which is very confusing in sections of chromate-fixed material, since the color is exactly 

 that of chromaffin granules in other cells. Its presence, however, in tissue which has been 

 fixed in formalin shows that it has nothing to do with adrenalin. It is doubly refractile 

 and represents probably pigmented material filtered from the blood by the tubular epi- 

 thelium. We have made no attempt to investigate its nature. 



The secretion of the poison-glands of Bufo lentiginosus is also stained brown by salts 

 of chromic acid, but adrenalin has not been isolated from these glands and the chromaffin 

 reaction does not necessarily indicate the presence of this drug. Wiechowski, who has 

 studied the toads which are found in Bohemia, has not been able to isolate epinephrin 

 from the secretion of their poison-glands, in spite of the fact that this secretion is chro- 

 mophil. (Wiechowski, 1914.) 



