7. Anthozoa (incl. Hydrocorallia). A. Zoantharia. 23 



stage and almost simultaneously. In transverse fission of Gonactinia pro- 

 lifer a there is no evidence to show that the proximal part can again divide 

 (against Blochinann & Hilger, and also Prouho). It is, however, the rule for 

 the distal portion to begin to divide again before separation from the proximal 

 part takes place. Of 18 preserved examples in transv. fission 9 showed a 

 chain of 3 individuals, and in 2 cases the middle one even had small ten- 

 tacles. The author also observed the division in living specimens and found 

 a chain of 3 in a large number of cases, this being evidently a normal means 

 of asexual reproduction. The middle individual is however only clearly seen 

 for a very short time; as soon as its rapidly growing tentacles have reached 

 half their definitive size, separation from the proximal part occurs. Budding 

 also occurs in Gon. (Blochmann & Hilger). The author found a bud with 

 several tentacles on the base of an individual and also a specimen divided 

 distally into two (? longitudinal fission). Numerous tentacles are produced in 

 Qyrostoma tristis (E. Africa) after wounding, and in an Edwardsiella from 

 Spitzbergen there is in the middle of the capitulum a group of 8 tentacles 

 (half the normal number) around a small oral disc, but there is no mouth. A 

 living Metridium dianthus showed what appeared to be a bud with body wall, 

 oral disc and numerous tentacles, but no trace of mouth or of stomod^eum, the 

 mesenteries uniting in the centre. These are evidently heteromorp hoses 

 and have been produced on the site of a wound of which there are still traces 

 in the last-named example. 



Kingsley describes the structure of Cerianthus borealis Verrilt from Casco 

 Bay, Maine. (G. hot: Danielssen from the Norwegian coast may be called 

 G. danielsseni.} The larger and more prominent siphouoglyph in C. is homo- 

 logous with the single groove in Halcampa and hence is the sulcus and not 

 the sulculus as is maintained by Bourne. Contrary to Haacke, Carlgreii and 

 others the author finds it impossible to decide whether the single siphonoglyph 

 of Alcyonarians is homologous with the sulcus or with the sulculus of other 

 forms, he therefore advocates the use of the terms dorsal and ventral in the 

 Alcyonaria. G. b. is hermaphrodite and is thus distinguished from dan., 

 vogtii and americanus, it differs from membranaceus and lloydii in the great 

 extension of its mesenteries (5 pairs of which reach to the aboral pole) and 

 from vas in the presence of tentacles (?) and the greater number of 

 mesenteries. 



Roule( 3 ) describes a specimen from Japanese seas which he considers should 

 form the type of a new genus Pachycerianthus , which is diagnosed thus 



- mesenteries short, only 2 of them (S 3 ) reach the aboral extremity, directive 

 mesenteries thick, giving to the directive chamber the form of a cylindrical 

 canal, alternation of fertile acontiferous mesenteries with sterile ones devoid 

 of acontia but bearing mesenterial filaments, entodermic musculature scarcely 

 represented, column wall thick and firm due to the development of the longi- 

 tudinal musculature and the mesogloea. 



Me Murrich describes the Plate collection of Chilian Actinians obtained 

 at various points between Iquique and Puata Arenas. He reviews the charac- 

 ters of the genera named below and of the families to which they belong. 

 He does not adopt the classification recommended by Carlgren [see Bericht f. 

 1900 Coel. p 12] as it separates genera which are nearly related and brings 

 together unrelated forms. The disc of Sagartia herpetodes n. is perforated by 

 a varying number of mouths. In the smaller specimens there is a central 

 mouth and several smaller ones situated near, or even among, the bases of 

 the tentacles. In the more oval individuals there are 2 large mouths whose 



