7. Anthozoa (incl. Hydrocorallia). A. Zoantharia 23 



of the specimens the polyps on the stem and larger branches are almost cir- 

 cular and disposed irregularly, their diameter being less than that of the axis, 

 while on the pinnules the polyps are more elongate and rectangular, exceeding 

 in breadth the diameter of the axis and often closely apposed. In some species 

 the spines pass from an elongate sinuous form through a series of gradations 

 to an antler-like and eventually a tree-like form. The specimens show a con- 

 siderable number of epizoic animals, in many cases grown over by the crenen- 

 chym and bearing polyps and spines. In Stick, papillosa u., belonging to a 

 genus typically simple, there are the undoubted remains of a branch. See 

 also Thomson ( 2 ) and p 19 Krempf( 2 ). 



Bourne points out that Fldbellum and its allies (which he forms into the 

 family Flabellidse) differ from other Turbinolidte in that their wall is a per- 

 sistent prototheca which is not thickened externally by a secondary deposit of 

 calcareous substance laid down by an edge zone, this latter structure being 

 absent. He redefines the Turbinolidse (excluding the Flabellidse) and describes 

 Paracyathus 2; Rhodocyathus n. (a Trochocyathoid without pali) 1; Oyatho- 

 trochus n. (closely allied to Trochocyathns but differing in having paliform lobes 

 of the septa which form a single crown) 1; and Heterocy atJtus (with which is 

 merged Stephanoseris) 1. The synapticula of H. can only be seen after grind- 

 ing down the corallum below the level of the exert septa. The presence of 

 synapticula is no longer a reason for including any given coral among the 

 Fungiidse. He describes of the Flabellidse Flabellum 2, Placotrochus 1 ; of 

 the Fungiidse - - Fungia 2 , Cycloseris 2 , Diaseris 2 ; and of the Eupsammidse 

 Balanophyllia (= Rhodopsammia Semper, with which are merged Ewpsammia, 

 Leptopsammia and Endopsammia) 4 (1 n.), Lobopsammia 1 n., Dendrophyllia 

 2 (1 n.), and Heteropsanimia 1. He finds convergence and union of the inner 

 ends of the lower orders of septa (as described by Duerden in Siderastrcea^ 

 see Bericht f. 1904 Coel. p 31) occur in Rhodocy., Heterocy. and Paracy. among 

 the Turbinolidse, in the genera Cycl. and Diets., in the anthoblast of Fungia 

 and in the Eupsainmids) of which this condition is very characteristic. In 

 Heterops. and Dendrophyllia and in Heterocy., the adult septa of the apparently 

 last cycle are exocrelic while those of the penultimate cycle are entocoelic and 

 are contained within the pairs of the last formed cycle of (smallest) mesenteries. 



- The author describes the anatomy of Heterocy. cequicostatus. After the septa 

 and synapticula have been formed the soft tissues in the deeper parts of the 

 corallum shrink away from the aeptal and synapticular surfaces, the calico- 

 blastic layer again becomes active and deposits coarsely fibre-crystalline stereo- 

 plasm which eventually fills up the interseptal loculi. The ectoderm of the 

 peristome is very thin, at the lips of the mouth it is somewhat thickened and 

 there is a distinct sphincter oris and radiating fibres of a dilatator oris, but 

 there is no definite stomodseum. Immediately within the lips, but not uniting 

 to form a complete tube are the large gutter-shaped filaments of the 6 primary 

 mesenterial pairs which perform the functions of a stomodseum. There is no 

 trace of sulcus or sulculus. The reduction of the stomodseum is due to the 

 great development of the pali and the columellar upgrowths. The upper part 

 of the mesenterial filaments consists almost exclusively of long ciliated cells 

 forming a broad band, but lower down the ciliated bands become smaller, 

 gland cells are more abundant and large nematocysts appear. At the bottom 

 of the coelenteron the filament is thrown into a complex coil and is loaded 

 with gland cells and large nematocysts. Amosbocytes, probably excretory in 

 function, are present in the entoderm. All the mesenteries are fertile. There 

 are 24 eudocoelic tentacles. Running inwards from the lateral walls of the 



