OPUNTIA. 57 



16. Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelmann and Bigelow, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 308. 1856. 



Much branched, 1.5 to 2 meters high; branches becoming woody, alternate, making a narrow 

 angle with the trunk; terminal joints 4 to 8 cm. long, strongly tuberculate; tubercles elongated, 

 flattened laterally; spines 8 to 25, acicular, dark brown, covered with thin and lighter colored sheaths, 



2 to 3 cm. long; glochids numerous, yellow; flowers large, red to yellow, 5 cm. long, and when fully 

 open nearly as broad; ovary rather short, turbinate, with few prominent tubercles; fruit dry, about 



3 cm. long, naked below, tuberculate above, each tubercle crowned by a cluster of 10 to 12 stout 

 spines; umbilicus broad and somewhat depressed; seeds 5 to 6 cm. broad, sharply angular. 



Type locality: On the mountains of Cactus Pass, Arizona, about 500 miles west of 

 Santa Fe, New Mexico. 



Distribution: Arizona and California; reported also from Utah, Nevada, and Sonora. 



Illustrations: N. Amer. Fauna 7 : pi. 7, 8; Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 18, f. i to 3; pi. 24, f. n. 



Figure 67 is from a photograph by Dr. MacDougal of a plant near Pictured Rocks, 

 Tucson Mountains, Arizona. 



17. Opuntia parryi Engelmann, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 339. 1852. 



Opuntia bernardina Engelmann in Parish, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 92. 1892. 



Low and bush-like, 2 to 4 dm. high; joints cylindric, 7 to 30 cm. long by 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter, 

 strongly tuberculate; tubercles i to 1.5 cm. long; areoles rather large, bearing light-brown wool, 

 yellow glochids, and spines; spines about 10, dark brown, the longer ones 3 cm. long, covered with 

 loose sheaths; flowers, several near together at ends of branches, 4 cm. long; sepals greenish or dull 

 red ; petals yellow, obtuse ; stigma-lobes cream-colored ; ovary tuberculate ; fruit dry, ovoid, 2 cm. long, 

 strongly umbilicate, when mature and fertile plump, otherwise more or less tuberculate; areoles on 

 the fruit large, filled with wool and glochids, those at top of fruit often with short spines; seeds 

 white, 4 to 6 mm. broad, beaked, the margins channeled. 



Type locality: Near San Felipe, eastern slope of California Mountains San Jacinto 

 Mountains. 



Distribution: Interior valleys of southern California. 



This is common in some of the interior valleys of southern California, although its 

 range has not been very definitely determined. It was first collected by Dr. C. C. Parry 

 in 1851 and named for him by Dr. Engelmann in 1852; but when the latter again took up 

 this name a few years later, he associated it with a very different species, which most later 

 writers and dealers accepted as the true Opuntia parryi. Later on Dr. Engelmann segre- 

 gated a species which he named O. bernardina, including therein Parry's specimen, but this 

 was not published until after his death. We therefore regard 0. bernardina as a synonym 

 of 0. parryi, while the O. parryi of most collections becomes 0. parisJiii. We are under 

 obligation to Mr. C. R. Orcutt for first calling our attention to this confusion. 



Mr. Orcutt thinks that this species is near 0. serpentina; but the former has larger 

 flowers, different spines, much less spiny fruit, and is of different habit. 



Opuntia bernardina cristata Schumann (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 20. 1902), an 

 abnormal form, has been described. 



Plate vu, figure 3, is from a plant collected by W. T. Schaller at Pala, California, show- 

 ing a leafy joint. 



18. Opuntia echinocarpa Engelmann and Bigelow, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 305. 1856. 



Opuntia echinocarpa major Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3 : 305. 1856. 

 Opuntia echinocarpa nuda Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 446. 1896. 

 Opuntia echinocarpa parkeri Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 446. 1896. 

 Opuntia echinocarpa robustior Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 446. 1896. 

 Opuntia deserta Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 132. 1913. 



Plant usually low, but sometimes 1.5 meters high, much branched and widely spreading, with 

 a short woody trunk 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, in age with nearly smooth bark; joints short, turgid, 

 strongly tuberculate; spines numerous, when young bright yellow, when older brownish, or in age 

 grayish, unequally covered with thin papery sheaths; flowers yellowish, but the sepals often tipped 

 with red; ovary short, turbinate, densely spiny especially in the upper part; fruit dry, very spiny; 

 seeds somewhat angular, 4 mm. broad. 



