DRAWINGS OF MEDUSAE 



Made by the late Professor WILLIAM K. BROOKS. 



Genus PODOCORYNE Sars, 1846. 

 Podocoryne carnea Sars. 



SYNONYMS OF THE EUROPEAN FORM. 



(?) D \smorphosa conchico/a, PHILIPPI, 1841, Archiv. fur Naturgesch., Jahrg. 8, Bd. i, p. 37, taf. I, fig. 3. 



Podoearyne carnea, SARS, 1846, Fauna Littor. Norveg., p. 4, taf. I, figs. 7-18. KROHN, 1851, Archiv. fur Naturgesch., Jahrg. 

 17, Bd. i, p. 266. HINCKS, 1868, British Hydroid Zooph., p. 29, plate 5, 6 figs. ALLMAN, 1871, Monograph Tubul. Hy- 

 droids, p. 349, plate 16, figs. 1-9. DEVARENNE, 1882, Archiv. de Zool. Exper., tome 10, pp. 645, 674, 683, plate 33, figs. 

 6-15; plates 34, 36-38; 1882, Compt. rend. Paris, tome 94, p. 892. WEISMANN, 1883, Sexualzellen bei den Hydromedu- 

 sen, pp. 63-72, taf. 19, fign. 1-13. BROWNE, 1896, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 463. DE\ T ARENNE, 1881, Annals and 

 Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 134. HAMANN, 1882, Jena. Zeitschrift fiir Natunvissen., Bd. I 5, p. 517, taf. 20, fign. I, 

 3, 4 (histology of hydroid). JICKELI, 1883, Morphol. Jahrb., Bd. 8, p. 621, taf. 27 (histology of the hydroid). GRAEFFE, 

 1884, Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Wien, Bd. 5, p. 347. ISHIKAWA, 1888, Zeit. fur wissen. Zool., Bd. 47, p. 621, 6 fign. (origin of 

 egg cells). BEDOT, 1905, Revue Suisse de Zool., tome 13, p. 103 (literature 1842-1850). RITCHIE, 1907, Trans. Knv. 

 Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 45, p. 523 (from Cape Colony, South Africa). 



Dysmorpkosa carnea, HAECKEL, 1879, Syst. der Medusen, p. 77. 



Cytxh exigua, HAECKEL, Ibid., p. 634. 



Podocoryne h.rckelii, HAMANN, 1882, Jena. Zeit. fur Naturwissen., Bd. 15, p. 519 (young stocks of P. carnea ?). 



(?) Podocoryne conchicola (Philippi) in part, HARGITT, 1904, Mitth. Zool. Station Neapel, Bd. 16, p. 581, fig. 26, taf. 22. 



SYNONYMS OF THE AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVE. 



Turritopsis nutricula, AGASSIZ, A., 1862, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, p. 97, figs. 22, 23; 1865, North Amer. Acal.,p. 167, 

 figs. 269, 270. FEWKES, 1881, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 153, plate 4, figs. 4, 7-10. 



Calc\dion formosum, FEWKES, 1882, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 9, p. 294. 



Podocoryne carnea, BUNTING, 1894, Journ. Morphol., vol. 9, p. 205, plate 1 1, fig. 68. LEVINSEN, 1893, Vid. Meddel. Nat. For. 

 Kjobenhavn (5), Bd. 4, p. 153. HARGITT, 1904, Bull. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 38, plate 4, fig. 5 (figure 

 labeled "Turritopsis nutricula," on p. 37). 



Turritopsis nutricula (in part), NUTTING, 1901, Bull. U. S. Fish Commission for 1899, vol. 19, p. 375. 



Porocoryne carnea, HARGITT, 1901, American Naturalist, vol. 35, p. 582, fig. 44. 



Podocoryne, HAZEN, 1902, Amer. Naturalist, vol. 36, p. 193 (regeneration). 



AMERICAN VARIETY. 



Adult medusa. The bell is ellipsoidal in form and is about 3.5 mm. in height. Gelat- 

 inous substance not very thick, but quite tough and rigid. There are about 24 to 32 mar- 

 ginal tentacles which are about as long as the bell-height. The tentacles are not very flexible 

 and are usually carried curled upward. The tentacle-bulbs are well developed and are filled 

 with entodermal pigment granules. The velum is well developed. There are 4 straight 

 and narrow radial-canals. The manubnum is flask-shaped and there is no peduncle. The 

 mouth-opening is surrounded by 4 short, radially situated, unbranched, oral tentacles, each of 

 which terminates in a knob-shaped cluster of nematocysts. The ripe ova and spermatozoa are 

 found in the 4 interradii within the ectoderm of the manubrium. According to Ishikawa and 

 Bunting, the ova originate in the entoderm, but the sperm originates and remains in the ecto- 

 derm. When the medusa is mature both ova and sperm are found in the ectoderm of the 

 stomach. In the female, the ova are large and prominent and are spherical in form. The 

 entoderm of the manubrium and of the tentacle-bulbs is red, or brown to red, in color. 



Hydroid and young medusa. No specific difference exists between the American and 

 European hydroid stocks of Podocoryne. The hydroid (plate 14, fig. 2) is commonly found 

 upon shells which are tenanted by the hermit-crab (Pagurus) and also upon the carapace of 

 Limulus. The polypites arise at somewhat irregular intervals from a hydrorhiza which clings 

 to the surface of the shell, etc., upon which the stock is growing. In young colonies the hydro- 

 rhiza consists of an open network of anastomosing fibers, which are covered by a thin, delicate 

 perisarc, and externally by a fleshy hydrocaulus, or coenosarc. As the colony becomes older, 

 however, the fibers of the hydrorhiza form a closer network, and the chitinous perisarc fills in 



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