THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 253 



and is sometimes conical, and affixes itself to the innermost process of 

 the transverse basal portion (p. basilaris s. cardo). 



The extensor of the maxillae originates from the inner side of each 

 temple, beneath the eyes ; it is the smallest of the three, and affixes 

 itself to the most external process of the base. 



The third muscle, which may be called the first contractor of the 

 maxillae., originates from the lower margin of the occipital aperture, 

 passes transversely over the flexor, and inserts itself between the flexor 

 and extensor at the base. Both contractors acting in conjunction 

 draw the maxillae together. 



Two other muscles, which likewise move the entire maxillae, are 

 inserted in the piece described as the stem. 



The one, which may be called the second contractor, originates like- 

 wise from the margin of the occipital aperture, but in the centre, in 

 front of the first, and inserts itself in the lowest most internal angle of 

 the base; the other, or second flexor, originates from the inner Avail of 

 the occiput, lies above all the others, and inserts itself with a long thin 

 tendon, likewise at the lower inner angle of the stem, closely conti- 

 guous to the second contractor. It is the longest and largest of all the 

 muscles of the maxillae. 



The galeae, which are, as they have been called, the internal 

 maxillary palpi, receive each two muscles, which lie in the maxillae 

 themselves. 



The flexor of the galea is the largest ; it originates from the inner 

 side of the stem, and affixes itself to the inner margin of the galea. 



The extensor of the galea, whieh is longer but smaller, originates 

 from the inner side of the exterior wall of the stem, and inserts itself 

 at the exterior margin of the galea. The exterior one gives off also 

 numerous fasciculi to that portion of the maxillse which bears the palpi, 

 and it is thereby united intimately with the stem. 



The last muscles of the maxillae,, which, like the preceding, lie 

 wholly in it, move the maxillary palpi. Their flexor originates from 

 the inner margin of the palpal plate belonging to the maxillae, and 

 inserts itself at the inner margin of the first joint of the palpus ; their 

 extensor comes from the inner side of the exterior wall of the stem, 

 and inserts itself at the exterior margin of the first joint of the palpus. 



The joints of the palpi themselves have each two muscles, a flexor 

 and an extensor. The former springs from the inner margin of the 



