262 ANATOMY. 



Their motion is rendered thereby indeed somewhat greater, but it 

 consists chiefly in revolving about the axis of the superior aperture of 

 the coxa ; and in such coxae we find likewise flexors which are inserted 

 at the posterior, and extensors at the anterior margin of the aperture, 

 or reversed, the latter behind and the former before ; and between 

 both, the articulating balls are found. But the muscles of motion 

 appear merely to proceed from the inner processes of the sternum. 



The muscles which move the trochanters lie in the coxae, the 

 extensors on the exterior, and the flexors at the interior. In Melolontha, 

 Straus found in the first pair of legs three extensors and one flexor ; 

 in the two posterior pairs, however, but one flexor and one extensor. 

 The Dytici possess the largest muscles to the trochanters. In these 

 insects I found the extensor originate not from the coxa, but from the 

 lateral branch of the large furcate process, whereas, the weaker flexors 

 sprung from the inner surface of the coxae. 



In the trochanter there is but one muscle the tendon of which is 

 inserted upon the head of the femur protruding into the cavity of the 

 trochanter, and it thereby lifts the thigh when it contracts, but lets it 

 fall again when lax. 



In the thigh itself there are two muscles, one extensor, which lies 

 at the upper margin of the thigh, and which is attached to the superior 

 head of the tibia, by means of a long tendon, that lies within the 

 muscle, and one flexor, which lies opposed to it at the lower margin, 

 and which is correspondingly attached to a lower ball of the tibia. In 

 Locust a these muscles are very large, and have large bellies at their 

 base, varying according to the form of the thigh ; the thin membrane 

 lies quite free for about one-third of the length of the femur, but it 

 receives above, close to its connexion with the tibia, where the thigh is 

 somewhat broader, a narrow flat auxiliary muscle, which springs 

 obliquely from the case of the thigh, and attaches itself to the tendon. 



In the tibia there are also two muscles, which move the whole foot. 

 The extensor of the foot is the smallest ; it originates from the lower 

 half of the posterior and lower margin with a broad basal surface, it 

 becomes pyramidal, and attaches itself to the superior margin of the 

 first joint of the tarsus. The flexor of the foot originates above it at 

 the same spot ; it soon becomes more slender, and with its free tendon 

 it passes into the cavity of the first joint of the tarsus, it sends its 

 tendon on through this as through all the consecutive joints, and inserts 

 itself at an arch in the last joint, where the two claws are internally 



