GENERAL ORISMOLOGY. 15 



TKNTACULATE (tenlaculatus), when soft tensile excrescences are 

 found upon the margin (Caniharis, Malachius). 



CALLOUS (callosus), a margin which resembles a thick swollen lump. 



MAKGINATE (marginal us), is when the sharp edge is margined, and 

 surrounds the surface with a narrow border. 



DEFLEXED (defle,rus~), when this sharp edge is bent downwards. 



DILATED (dilatatus, or amplificatus] , when the sharp marginal edge 

 extends beyond its usual limits. 



INCRASSATE (incrassaius), a margin whose edge is not sharp, but 

 rounded, and somewhat swollen. 



21. 

 Differences of Base and Apex. 



The few distinct differences of the base refer merely to its greater 

 or smaller width, and robustness. 



ANGUSTATE (angustalum), or COARCTATE (coar datum), is where a 

 part begins with a narrow base, and then dilates and thickens. 



DILATED (dilatatum), a distended part, the transverse diameter of 

 which is much longer at one particular part, and this peculiarity is 

 generally found near the base. 



The differences of apex are much more varied ; we may enumerate 

 the following as particularly important. 



TRUNCATED (truncalum), when a part is limited at the end by a 

 straight line or surface. 



ROUNDED (rotundatum}, when the end takes the form of a segment 

 of a circle. 



PREMORSE (pr&morsHm*), when the end appears bitten off or splintery. 



EMARGINATE (emarginatum), when the end has an obtuse incision. 



RETUSE (retustim), when the terminal margin has an obtuse im- 

 pression. 



OBTUSE (obtusiim}, indicates a rounded termination. 



ACUTE (acutum), when it becomes regularly narrower and terminates 

 in a point. 



ACUMINATE (acuminatum] , when this decrease is very gradual, 

 becoming thereby much longer. 



MUCRONATE (mucronatum) , when from an obtuse end a fine point 

 suddenly proceeds. 



CUSPIDATE (cuspidatuni), when this pointed process is very much 

 extended, becoming almost setiform. 



