GENERAL ORISMOLOGY. 17 



24. 



Differences of Surface. 



SMOOTH (lave), a surface without either impressions or elevations. 



LEVIGATE (Icevigatum), a smooth surface, somewhat shining. 



SHINING (nilidum, politum), when a smooth surface reflects, as if 

 formed of metal. 



LUCID (lucidum), possessing this quality in a high degree, reflecting 

 with the brilliancy of a mirror. 



SCABROUS (scabnmi), a surface covered with small and slight 

 elevations. 



ROUGH (asperurri), when these elevations are more perceptible. 



VERRUCOSE (verrucosum), a surface beset with large smooth ele- 

 vations, resembling warts. 



TORULOSE (torulosurri), when there are but few elevations spread 

 about, but these of considerable size. 



GRANULATED (granulatuni), when small roundish elevations are 

 placed in rows ; MURICATE (muricalnm), when dispersed elevations rise 

 in sharp points; ECHINATE (echinatum) , when they rise higher, and 

 are thinner ; CATENULATED (catenulatum), when longitudinal eleva- 

 tions are connected like the links of a chain, and are placed in rows ; 

 INTRICATE (intricatum), when the elevations and depressions are placed 

 without any regularity, but close to each other ; PAPILLULATE (papil- 

 hilatuin), when the dispersed elevations or depressions have a smaller 

 elevation in their centre. 



LINEATE (lineatum), when there are fine longitudinal elevated lines ; 

 COSTATE (coslatum), when these lines are stronger, and the intervals 

 between them wider ; FURROW (sulcus), is such an interval. 



TESSELATE (tesselatum), when the lineate surface is intersected by 

 similar transverse elevated lines, as it were chequered (it is also used 

 to indicate square scales); RETICULATED (reticulatum), when the 

 stronger lines intersect each other like the meshes of a net. 



STRIATED (striatum), when there are parallel longitudinal shallow 

 impressions; SULCATE (sulcatum], when these impressions are broader 

 and deeper than the preceding, or rather when they are of the same 

 width as the interstitial elevations ; whereas, when striate, these inter- 

 stices are much wider ; PORCATE (porcatum), on the contrary, when the 

 sulcations are deep, and very much broader than the intervening 



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