322 PHYSIOLOGY. 



mana, Fab., the male has immensely long anterior legs, in the more 

 robust female they are at least one-third shorter. In the genus Goliath 

 the clypeus of the male projects beyond the mouth in two bent pro- 

 cesses, which are wanting in the female. The male Aphodii have also 

 small pointed teeth upon their vertex, which are merely indicated in 

 the female, and among their affinities the Palpicornia, the male Hydro- 

 philus displays the last joints of its anterior tarsus distended interiorly 

 into a triangular lobe. In Buprestis the male has again an arched 

 excision in its last ventral plate ; in the Elaters the more slender males 

 have longer, strongly pectinated antennae, particularly the genus Cte- 

 nicera, Latr. Similar differences are exhibited by many Cantharides 

 (Telephori, Latr.), Anobia, as well as the genera Plilinus and Dor- 

 catoma ; and very decided differences are exhibited in the male 

 winged Lampyri,ihe remarkable genus Symbius*, and some others (for 

 ^example, Drilus}, whose females have no wings. But the predomi- 

 nating evolution of the males is most distinctly displayed in the Capri- 

 corns, in which the constantly more slender males have much longer, 

 frequently double as long, antennae, which in the genera Steno- 

 chorus and Trachyderes have one joint more, viz., twelve joints, 

 whereas the female has but eleven. In Psygmatocerus, Perty, (Phce- 

 nicocerus, Latr.), the male has fan-shaped antennae, whereas those of 

 the female are simple and filiform. Among the Curculios the males 

 have frequently longer snouts and antennae, as in Anthribus, Brentus, 

 and Balaninus. 



This law receives further confirmation in the other orders besides 

 the Coleoptera, for example, in the Hymenoptera. In Pteronus, Jur. 

 (Lophyrus, Latr.) the male has doubly pectinated antennae, which in 

 the female are serrate only upon one side. In the Ichneumons the 

 antennae of the males are longer, finer, and porrect, those of the female 

 shorter, thicker, and, after death, spirally convoluted ; in many species 

 also they have a white ring, whereas those of the male are uniformly 

 black or brown. In all the aculeate Hymenoptera the male has 

 thirteen joints to the antennae, the female but twelve, and the former 

 also seven abdominal segments, and the female but six. Besides which 

 we find another important circumstance, namely, the deficiency of wings 

 in the female, whereas the males are winged, for example, in Tengyra, 

 Latr., the female of which is the apterous Methoca ; the same is the 

 case in Myrmosa and Mutilla. We find a similar difference in many 



* Sundeval in Oken's Isis, 1830. No. 1'2. 



