I. 



GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 9 



VI. In many such cases, however, where the substantive is borrowed 

 from the Greek, a new word is formed by the compounding of two, 

 e. g. hemelytra, prothorax, &c. 



12. 



VII. All fluctuating qualities of one and the same part are distin- 

 guished by adjectives, and indeed by such as, according to grammatical 

 use, are customarily applied to such variations. 



But the form of the adjectives, which express particular kinds of 

 qualities, vary chiefly in their terminations. The following are important 

 for our use : 



1. The termination in atus and itus, shows merely the existence of 

 something in general : for ex. antennatus, provided with antennae ; 

 alatus, winged ; sulcatus, with longitudinal furrows ; auritus, furnished 

 with ears (two little appendages). 



2. The terminations in aceus and icius express a resemblance to a 

 material ; those in em indicate the material itself: for ex. membranaceus, 

 resembling skin; membraneus, skin itself ; coriaceus, leathery ; lateri- 

 cius, resembling bricks (in colour). 



3. The termination osus expresses fulness, or the abundant presence 

 of a quality : for ex. pilosus, covered with much hair ; setosus, covered 

 with stiff bristles ; squamosus, covered with scales. 



4. The termination ius expresses the uses or aptness of an organ : 

 for ex. raptorius, adapted to seize prey ; fossorius, fitted for digging ; 

 natatofius, suited to swim, &c. 



5. The deficiency of a usually present quality is indicated by placing 

 in front the a privative in the Greek, and the preposition e, ex, or in, 

 in Latin words : for ex. apterus, without wings ; escutellatus, without 

 a scutellum ; iner.mis, unarmed. 



6. To express quantity or particular distinctness, the superlative 

 degree of comparison is used, or the words valde, maxime, distincte, are 

 prefixed : for ex. squamosissimus, densely covered with scales ; rugo- 

 sissimus, very uneven ; distincte-punctalus , very clearly covered with 

 punctures. 



7. The indistinctness of a quality is expressed by prefixing the word 

 obscure, or by uniting the preposition sub to the adjective. But 

 diminutives are not unfrequently used : for ex. obscure-ceneus , of an 

 indistinct bronze colour ; subpunctalus, slightly punctured ; snbstriatus, 

 slightly striated; hirsutiuscuhis, somewhat hairy. 



