104 PARTIAL ORISMOLOGV. 



or partially, in the water ; their shins and feet are broad, compressed,, 

 and, fringed on each side with long hair (Dyticus, Naucoris, Notonecta) 



SALTATORIOUS (Saltatorii, PL XVI. f. 5), are those which have very 

 thick posterior thighs, by means of which the insect is enabled to make 

 wide leaps (Haltica, Orchestes). 



RAPTORIUS (raptorii, PL XVI. f. 0), are those whose shins and 

 feet in repose turn back upon the thigh, and often pass into it like a 

 knife within its handle (Mantis, Syrtis, Nepa, Ranatra). This struc- 

 ture is found only in the anterior legs, and somewhat justifies their 

 being called hands, which Kirby and Spence proposed, from the 

 raptorious legs serving to seize the prey with. 



FOSSORIOUS (fossorii, PL XVI. f. 7), are those legs whose tibiae, and 

 frequently feet, are very broad, and resemble a hand, serving the 

 insect to dig holes and passages in the earth (Clivina, Heterocerus, 

 Gryllotalpa. 



83. 

 Forms of the Joints. 



We must here, at the conclusion of our notice of the legs, observe the 

 differences of the structure of their joints, although we have touched 

 upon many of their forms in the preceding descriptions. 



1. HIP. Besides the above noticed difference, we must distin- 

 guish immoveable hips, which are affixed to the thorax (for example 

 those ofDytieus, PL IX. No. 2, f. 8), as FIXED (Jixce}, and the moveable 

 ones, which turn in the socket, as FREE (liberce, PL XII. No. 5, 

 f. 2 and 3). These last might, particularly in reference to their form, 

 be called JOINT BALLS (capita femorum), as the whole hip can in 

 fact be nothing else than a moveable thigh ball. Hips, beneath which 

 there is a curled lock of hair, are called FLOCCULATE (Jloccatce, for 

 example Andrena, PL XVI. f. 8). 



2. TROCHANTER. Kirby and Speuce call it FULCRANT (fulcrans) 

 when it is continued for a space along the thigh, thereby strengthening 

 its union (Carabus, PL XVI. f. 9). This joint occasionally consists 

 of two rings (for example, Pimpla, PL XVI. f. 10), and it is then 

 called DIMEROUS (dimerus), but it is most usually MONOMEROUS 

 (monomerus) , having but one joint. 



3. THIGH. We have fully distinguished its differences above. 



4. SHIN. We add the following differences to those in 81. IV. 

 POLICATE (policata) is when it is produced inside into a short bent 



spine. 



