106 PARTIAL ORISMOLOGY. 



If the foot-joints are broader than long, and assume a lunate form, 

 and are so closely attached together that the first large one embraces 

 all the following within its deep concavity? and the whole foot appears 

 to form but one disc, it is called PATELLA. The males of the genus 

 Dyticus display this structure (PI. XVI. f. 23. a, b), the underside is 

 then thickly beset with compact hair, and between which several unequal 

 cups, PATELLUL^E, are placed which serve as organs of attachment. We 

 pass to this structure by the ENLARGED FEET (tarsi amplificati) ; these 

 consist of heart-shaped joints, which are also clothed beneath with brushes 

 and feathers. But in these we distinctly discern each individual joint ; 

 indeed sometimes they are not all so, but only some upon some pairs of 

 legs, for example the first three joints in the anterior pair of the male 

 Cicindelce, (PI. XVI. f. 20) ; the four first inCarabus (f. 21) ; and but 

 seldom only one joint is dilated (in Hydrophilus*). Modern entomologists 

 (Zimmerman, for instance *), call a thus widened foot palma, and 

 the single joints patellae, which is scarcely admissible from the 

 above indicated definition of these words. 



COMPRESSED FEET (tarsi compressi) stand in direct opposition to 

 the DEPRESSED or flattened feet (tarsi depressi). We find them most 

 fully formed among the bees. In these, namely, the first joint is most 

 closely affixed to the shin, and appears to be but a division of it, 

 whereas it properly belongs to the foot. The cause of this structure is 

 to be found in their economy ; for covered with hair, as is also the shin 

 in this case, it serves to carry the pollen of flowers. Such a hairy shin, 

 in conjunction with the first joint of the foot, is called BRUSH 

 (sarothrum) as we mentioned above. The second kind of compressed 

 feet is peculiar to the water beetles (PI. XVI. f. 4), but here its super- 

 ficies is smooth, and the margin only occupied with a fringe of stifi setae. 



The last joint of the foot is particularly distinguished from the rest by 

 having at its end two slightly bent moveable hooks, which with it form 

 a CLAW (unguis),\)y help of which insects move upon smooth surfaces, 

 and indeed are enabled to creep up perpendicular walls. The HOOKS 

 (unguiculi) of these claws are either equal ( Carabus, f. 24), unequal 

 (Anisoplia fructicola, f. 25), or round, compressed, and in this case of 

 immense size (Rutela, f. 26) very generally they are SIMPLE (ung^ 

 simpliceii), but also BIFID (ung. bifidi or Jissi, Meloe, Tetraonyx, 

 PI. XVI. f. 27), sometimes armed beneath with one (Melolontha, 



* Ste his Monographic dcr Zabroidcn. Berlin, 1831. 8vo. 



