134 ANATOMY. 



and Orlhoptera. With respect to its precise form, it is smooth 

 and cylindrical in Nepa, somewhat wider and transversely ringed in 

 Lygteus, shorter but wider, with irregular longitudinal folds, which 

 form apparent large pockets, in Cimex. In Cimex rujipcs two com- 

 pact,; round, transversely ringed bodies lie above, contiguous to the 

 cardia, one upon each side of it. In Cicada the first stomach is short, 

 but also very broad and bladder-shaped. The second stomach (D *) is 

 in general the narrowest, but always the longest ; it has the appearance 

 of a compact muscular tube, whose function can be no other than the 

 further preparation of the imbibed juices ; it is consequently of a more 

 solid structure, and indeed in Nepa * it is internally covered with ele- 

 vated ridges, which form a reticulation of hexagonal cells. Its function 

 and even structure therefore correspond with the proventriculus; it more 

 triturates the food than extracts it. It is separated from the following 

 stomach by a perfect sphincter, and sometimes is distended in front of 

 this into a large bladder (D**, Cimex rujipex, C. baccarum), which must 

 not be considered as a proper stomach but as a second receptacle for the 

 triturated matter, as a second crop before the third stomach. This 

 distension, in greater or less compass, appears peculiar to all the bugs, 

 but is wanting in the rest of the Hemiptera. In the Cicada the 

 second stomach is nodose, very wide in front, growing gradually nar- 

 rower behind. The third and last stomach (D***) is in the bugs 

 wider than the second, but narrower than the crop lying in front of it. 

 In form it resembles the transversely striped stomach of the bees, its 

 cavity being formed by four half cylindrical tubes (Cimex baccarum 

 and C. prasinus), and these half tubes completely separate in C. 

 nt/ipcs, so that their third stomach properly consists of four contiguous 

 stomachs t- In many water bugs, Hydrocorides (for ex., Nepa, Nau- 

 coris}, this stomach is wanting, but in compensation the second, as 

 well as the following portion of the intestine, are longer, as in the land 

 bugs (Geocorides). In the Cicadaria (PL XVIII. f. 1. D**) it is of 

 the same length as the second, but of less breadth, while the second 

 (D*) is granulated upon its exterior surface. Separated from- the 

 former by a distinct sphincter, it, like it, gradually decreases and turns 

 upwards into the first stomach, indicated as the crop (D), so that the 

 transmission of the food describes a complete circle in the three 



* Ranidohr, PI. XXII. f. 8. 



f Compare O. R. Trevirauus, in the Auualcn clcr Wuttcrausch. Gesellsch. sur Uie 

 Naturgcsch, vol. i. No. ii. 



