138 ANATOMY. 



short in all larvae, and it is the shorter in proportion to the extension 

 of the stomach. 



The situation of the ilium is so far determined that it is always found 

 beneath and contiguous to, and never above the stomach, but its situa- 

 tion in itself varies considerably. In perfect insects it is seldom straight, 

 but always so in those whose intestine is not longer than the body 

 (Gryllus, Phasma, the larvae of butterflies). In the opposite cases it 

 makes convolutions of different size and form, which are the more 

 numerous and larger the more extended the ilium itself is. 



108. 



In some instances the ilium appears under a different form, namely, 

 gradually distended, and thus becoming clavate, which is however 

 peculiar to a few beetles only. According to Ramdohr, who considers a 

 thus distended ilium as a distinct portion of the intestine, it is called 

 the CLAVATE intestine. In the Chrysomelina the short ilium is thus 

 frequently distended. In many of the Capricorn beetles a somewhat 

 distended portion of the intestine is separated by a constriction from 

 the very narrow ilium, and this represents the clavate intestine. 



In the Lamellicornia (Mclolotilha, for ex.) the clavate intestine 

 appears likewise as a distended sack-shaped ilium, and is therefore 

 called by Ramdohr the THICK intestine. It is particularly distinct 

 and large in the larvae of these beetles (PI. XX. f. 1. r) ; here, namely, 

 it appears as a broad bag here and there constricted, which, in its 

 natural situation, turns back upon the stomach from its commence- 

 ment, and extends as far as the length of the narrow ilium will admit, 

 consequently to the end of the stomach. The bag here contracts, 

 and the again narrow colon originates beneath it, in a bow of it, 

 taking its course in a contrary direction towards the anus. In the 

 perfect beetle (the same rig. 2.) this bag is to be distinguished exte- 

 riorly only as a bellied distension of the ilium, which, at least in Mclo- 

 lo/tt/ia, has five slight impressions. But if this portion be opened five 

 elevated ridges are observed, which are divided by incisions at regular 

 distances, so that each band appears to consist of short, contiguous, 

 three-sided prisms *. 



If the name of this portion of the intestine is to be determined accord- 

 ing to its divisional distance from the stomach it must be considered as 



* Suckow in Ucusinger, vol. iii. PI. . f. 04. Straus Duvckheiui, PL V. f. 8. 



