INSECTS IN RELATION TO PLANTS, 547 



Thus, in the pulse of the pea (Pisum sativum) the larva of B.granarius 

 dwells, devouring the seed. In North America the same plant is attacked 

 by another species, which is also sometimes found with us, namely, 

 Br. Pisi. A third, the Br.pectinicornis, destroys peas in China. And 

 a fourth species, perhaps Br. scutellaris F., attacks the seed of a pulse 

 (Phaseolus or Dolichus) in India, which is called by the natives Koloo, 

 and by the English Gram. A very large species, native to South 

 America, Br. riificornis, Germ., lives in the kernel of the cocoa-nut, 

 and is sometimes even found in it in Europe * ; and Br. nucleorum, 

 according to Fabricius (Br. bactru, Hbst.), is found in the same fruit. 

 Another genus, Apion, Hbst., has the same habits. We find the 

 numerous species of this genus upon the plants in the seeds of which 

 the larva lives, for instance, Apion flavofemoratum, Kirb. ; upon 

 Trifol patense, Lin. ; Ap. Ulicis, Kirb. ; upon Ulex Europceus, Ap. 

 vernale ; upon Ballot a nigra, L., and Lamium album, L Ap. centum-, 

 upon Alcea rosea, Lin. Ap. frumenlarium in the seeds of corn. The 

 larva of this beetle, known by the name of the red corn worm, frequently 

 causes great injury in granaries: it consumes the farinaceous portion, 

 and leaves the case untouched. But the black larva of Calandra 

 granaria, which is frequently found in houses, granaries, &c., is even 

 more injurious. A second species of this genus Cal. Oryzce we fre- 

 quently find among rice. The third enemy to corn warehouses, known 

 by the name of the white worm, belongs to the order of the Lepidoptera, 

 and is the larva of Tinea granella. We might considerably enlarge 

 this list were we to enumerate all the Curculios injurious to seeds, but 

 we will merely remark that it is particularly the smaller species which 

 appear to prefer this food. Thus the genera Balaninus and Anthonomus 

 are known as attacking nuts and stone fruits. The larvae of B. nucum 

 live in the common hazel nut, and that of A. druparum in the stones 

 of the sour cherry. The smaller Ceutorhynchi all dwell upon plants, 

 and doubtlessly feed upon their seeds or leaves. The Cioni attack the 

 species of the genus Verbascum, and live in the stem beneath the 

 epidermis. Very many other Curculios live similarly in the substance 

 of plants. Thus, the larva of Lixus paraplecticus lives in that of 

 Phellandrium aquailcum, and of Cryptorhynchus Lapathi upon Rumex 

 hydrolopathum, Lin. &c. 



Among the other orders it is especially the Lepidopiera and Dipteru 



* Germar's Mag., vol. iii. p. 1, &c. 

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