600 TAXONOMY. 



339. 



The first true systematist was an Englishman, John Ray; the fol- 

 lowing is the arrangement published by him in his " Method. Insecto- 

 rum." Lond. 1705, 8vo. 



I. Ametamorphata (insects without a transformation). 



1. Apoda (annulate worms). 



a. Terrestria. 



b. Aquatica. 



2. Pedata. 



a. Hexnpoda. 



a. Terrestria (lice). 

 /3. Aquatica. 



b. Octopoda (spiders). 



c. Quatuordeceinpoda (lobsters and crabs). 



d. Polypoda. 



a. Terrestria (centipedes, woodlice). 



/3. Aquatica (Amphipoda and Isopoda, Lat.). 



II. Metamorphota (insects with transformation). 



1. Larvis et pupis agilibus (Orthoptera, Hemiptera) . 



2. Pupa immobili. 



a. Coleoptera (beetles). 



b. Aneloptera. 



a. Alis farinaceis (Lepidoptera). 

 ft. Alis membranaceis. 



f Diptera, bipennia (flies). 



ft Tetraptera, quadripennia (Jlymenaptera). 



III. Metamorphosi simplici e vermiculo in animalculum volatici, 



interposita aliqua quiete (dragon- flies). 



A posthumous manuscript of his, containing a detailed history of 

 insects, Martin Lister published after Ray's death (1707)> at the 

 command of the Royal Society of London (Historia Insectorum, ed. 

 M. Lister. Lond. 1710-11), and at the same time appeared a new 

 classification, which we will also subjoin. It is the following : 



I. Insecta ex ovis sphcericis, qua nullam subeunt metamorphosim. 



a. Pedibus senis (lice). 



b. Pedibus octonis (spiders). 



c. Pedibus plurimis (crabs, wood-lice, centipedes). 



d. Pedibus nullis (worms). 



