CHIEF ENTOMOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS AND SYSTEMS. 601 



II. Ihsecta ex ovia longiusculis, qua.' metamorphosim subeunt. 



a. Coleoptera. 



b. Anelylra. 



a, Pennis qiiatuor nudis. 



ft. Pennis quatuorfarinaceis. 



y. Pennis duabus. 



This arrangement is in fact nothing more than a mere modification 

 of that already given by Ray, and only differs in that its author has 

 brought Ray's third chief group under the second, and unites it with 

 the Anelytrls pennis quatuor nudis. 



340. 



From Ray to LimiEeus, nothing extraordinary took place for the 

 arrangement of insects. But when this master of natural history 



o * 



published his System of Nature, in the year 1735, in three folio sheets, 

 in which he gave a complete survey of all the then known groups of 

 animal bodies, insects also were placed by him in a new order, which 

 he skilfully determined according to the form and structure of their 

 wings. The following is his division. 



The fifth class of his animal system, which comprises those with a 

 simple heart, white blood, and jointed antennae, contains within it all 

 the insects and Crustacea. Both together, therefore, form a single 

 chief group (Insectci), which is thus subdivided : 



I. Insects with four wings. 



1. The anterior ones horny. 1. Coleoptera. 



2. The anterior ones half horny and half membranous. 2. Hemi- 



ptera. 



3. The anterior and posterior membranous. 



. All covered with scales. 3. Lepidopteru. 

 b. All naked. The nervures. 



a. Reticulated. 4. Neuroptera. 



/3. Ramose. 5. Hymenoptera. 



II. Insects with two wings. 6. Diptera. 



III. Insects without wings. 7- Aptera. 



1. With six feet (louse, flea, and some others). 



2. With more than six feet. 



a. Head connected with the thorax (spiders, crabs, &c.). 



b. Head free (centipedes, wood-lice, &c.). 



It is not ty be denied that by this arrangement many natural, and 



