CHIEF ENTOMOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS AND SYSTEMS. (J05 



2. Only two palpi, and indeed upon the maxilla;. 5. Unogala 



(Lihellnta, centipedes, and spiders). 

 II. Insects with suctorial mouths. 



. With a spiral tongue. 6. Glossata (Linnseus's Lcpidoptera*). 



b. With valvular proboscis consisting of selce. (i. Rhyngota 



(the remaining Hemiptera of Linnaeus). 



c. With fleshy setiferous proboscis. 7- Antliaia (Linnaeus's 



Diptera}. 



Howsoever meritorious the undertaking of Fabricius was to discover 

 a new principle of subdivision, whereby all groups of insects could be 

 determined, yet this first division by no means answers the requi- 

 sitions that a strict classification is justified in making. It therefore at 

 first found but little favour, and the difficulty of the investigation also 

 impeded it, and in many cases indeed doubt was entertained of the 

 possibility of the process. In fact, this work was but the first 

 essay of a new method, and, as such, certainly praiseworthy, in as far 

 as the attention of entomologists was drawn to parts which had not 

 previously been regarded, and which, however, as was evident from 

 this representation, were of the greatest importance for the distinction 

 of groups, and especially of genera. Fabricius has not therefore 

 acquired an immortal name in science so much by the establishment 

 of his system, as exactly like Linnaeus, by the path he pursued. All 

 that was distorted and false that originated with him, time in the pro- 

 gress of the science has removed, and his system is put aside ; but he 

 is the founder of this mode of arrangement, for which he will never be 

 forgotten, for this he stands forth as a model to succeeding generations. 



The changes to which he gradually subjected his system are manifold. 

 New orders were established, old ones more correctly restricted, and 

 the whole was raised to a superior scientific completion. Thus almost 

 in the evening of his days he proposed the following division in the 

 supplementary volume to the second edition of his System of Insects. 



I. Insects with biting mouths. 

 A. Two pairs of mandibles. 



a. The lower ones having palpi. 



1. Free without covering. 1. Class. Eleulherata (beetles). 



2. Covered. '2. Ulonata (Orthoptera). 



3. Connate with the Labiuni. 3. Syui&tata (Nettroptera). 



4. Distended, thin, coriaceous. 4. Piegata (Plymcnoptera). 



