DESCRIPTIONS OF PLATES. 645 



N. B. It is only the external larger claw that is thus divided, and not, as the 

 drawing indicates, the smaller one also. Fig. 28, Dentate claw of Melolnntha. 

 Fig. 29, Dentate claw of Ornithomya. Fig. 30, Serrate claw of Cislela. 

 Fig. 31, Claw joint of Lucanus cervus. a , The large claws, b, The pseudo 

 claw. Fig. 32, Claw joint of Tachinafera. a a, The serrate claws, b b, The 

 plantula?. Fig. 33, Claw joint of Laphria flava. a a, The claws, b b, The 

 plantulae. c, The pseudo claw. Fig. 34, Tarsus of Xenos, without claws, but 

 with soft plantulffi. Fig. 35, Hairy plantula of Lamia. Fig. 36, Plumose 

 plantula of Zabrus. Fig. 37, Spongy plantula of Timarcha tenebricosa. 

 Fig. 38, Tarsus cryptopentamerus of Cerambyx heros. 1, First tarsal joint 

 (metatarsus) ; 2, second tarsal joint (phalanx prima) ; 3, third bilobate tarsal 

 joint (phalanx secunda) ; 4, abortive fourth tarsal joint (arthrium) ; 5, claw 

 joint. Fig. 39, Tarsus cryptotetramerus of Coccinella. 1, First tarsal joint ; 

 2, second deeply excavated foot joint; 3, arthrium ; 4, claw joint. 



PI. XVII. Fig. 1, Internal structureless folded tunic of the ilium of 

 Hydrophilus piceus. Fig. 2, Second tunic of the ilium of the same beetle 

 beset with ridges, teeth, and stars. Fig. 3, Third or muscular tunic, with the 

 ventral glands, which lie in a transparent case, of the same. Fig. 4, Third or 

 muscular tunic of Dyticus marginaiis. Fig. 5, Second tunic of the crop of 

 the same beset with horny ridges that form regular meshes. Fig. 6, Transverse 

 section of the membrane of the crop of the same, a, Internal layer beset with 

 ridges, b, Muscular tunic. Fig. 7, Tunic of the oesophagus of the same 

 with undulating horny ridges. Fig. 8, Proventriculus of the same. It is 

 excavated in the form of a tunnel, and supplied with four teeth, which are 

 broad above and narrow below. 3, Intestinal canal of the larva of Vespa crabro 

 (Suckow). A, CEsophagus. D, Ventriculus. H, Caecum. K K, Biliary 

 vessels. Fig. 10, Intestinal canal of Vespa crabro (ib.). A, CEsophagus. 

 C, Crop. D, Transversely striated ventriculus. E, Ilium with four longi- 

 tudinal stripes. H, Colon with horny rings. 



PI. XVIII. Fig. 1, Intestinal canal of Aplirophora spumaria (ib.). 

 A, CEsophagus. D, Crop. D*, First division of the ventriculus. DD**, 

 Second division, which returns to the crop. E, Ilium. H. Colon. K K, Biliary 

 vessels. Fig. 2, Intestinal canal of the maggot ofMusca carnaria (ib.), marked 

 the same as above. N N are the salivary vessels with their simple outlets, O. 

 Fig. 3, a, A portion of the biliary vessel much magnified. Fig. 3, Intestinal 

 canal of the perfect fly (ib.). Fig. 4, Intestine of the caterpillar of Gastropacha 

 Pini (Suckow), marked similarly. F is the clavate gut. O O are the spinning 

 vessels. Fig. 5, Intestinal canal of Pontia Brassiccs (Herold). C, The sucking 

 stomach. G, The ccecum. The rest as before. 



PI. XIX. Fig. 1, Intestinal canal of the larva of Calosoma sycophanta, 



