THE COAL MEASURES AMPHIBIA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



The body of the present species is elongate and slender, with a long neck and prob- 

 ably a long tail. Ribs, as preserved, are 19 to 22, though there may possibly have 

 been more. They are moderately curved backwards, have intercentral articulation, 

 are attenuated at the distal extremity, and are single-headed. The anterior ribs 

 are stouter, with a widened upper portion and attenuated distal part. The posterior 

 ribs are more slender. 



There are evidences of 28 vertebras present. All regions of the vertebral column 

 are present and the dorsal region is preserved entire. The cervical series is repre- 

 sented by the posterior vertebrae only. These are very indistinctly preserved. The 

 dorsal vertebrae are elongate and were prob- 

 ably amphicoelous, although this has not 

 been definitely determined. They are ex- 

 panded at each end, thus ending in a slightly 

 raised rim. The single-headed ribs articulate 

 between the vertebrae. The exact number 

 of the dorsal series can not be ascertained, 

 although this may have been 25. The spines 

 of the vertebrae are not determinable, since 

 the animal is preserved on its back. The 

 caudal vertebrae are represented by two 

 patches of the remains of what was once 

 probably the entire series. Cope ascribes 70 

 mm. to the tail, but I do not find that much. 

 The specimen may have been mutilated since 

 he studied it. The caudals are slender and, 

 like the dorsals, are expanded at the ex- 

 tremities. 



The scapular arch is not preserved, but 

 the pelvic arch is represented by the two iliac 

 bones in good state of preservation. These 

 are short, flat bones expanded at the anterior 

 extremity, as preserved. They lie turned a 

 little to each side of the vertebral column and 

 partially obscure the femora. The iliac bones 

 are quite characteristic of this form, since similar-shaped elements have not been 

 observed in any of the other Carboniferous forms from the same deposit. 



The greater part of the forelimb is preserved, although much of the hand is 

 missing. The humerus is an unusually elongate bone and lies somewhat across the 

 vertebral column. It is crushed flat and the ends are partly destroyed. It shows 

 evidences of expansion at the ends, although not a great deal. It is much longer than 

 the radius and ulna, which are of about equal length. The ulna is larger than the 

 radius and has expanded ends, with the upper end more expanded than the lower 

 and both ends slightly truncate. The radius is a simple rod of bone and is but 

 slightly expanded. The carpus was evidently cartilaginous, since there is no evi- 



FlG. 20. Cope's drawing of Tudilanus longipes, 

 from the Linton, Ohio, Coal Measures. X I. 



