752 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



True, there were probably warmer intervals in this intense cold, 

 when the more southern animals came and went, for we find bones of 

 the hippopotamus, hyena, and others buried between the glacial beds 



7 0" 



n^G^opic^i ' 



Fig. 10. 



in the south of England. But there is no doubt that at this time num- 

 bers of land-animals must have perished, for in England alone, out of 

 fifty-three known species which lived in warmer times, only twelve 

 survived the great cold, while others were driven southward, never to 

 return. 



Moreover, when the cold passed away, and the country began again 

 to be covered with oak and pine forests where animals might feed and 

 flourish, we find that a new enemy had made his appearance. Man 

 active, thinking, tool-making man had begun to take possession of 

 the caves, making weapons out of large flints bound into handles of 

 wood, and lighting fires by rubbing wood together, so as to protect 

 himself from wild beasts and inclement weather. 



Many and fierce must have been his conflicts, for the wild beasts 

 were still strong and numerous, and man had not yet the skill and 

 weapons which he has since acquired. But, rough and savage though 

 he may have been, he had powers which made him superior to all 



