THE CENSUS AND THE FORESTS. 779 



as to constitute a forest. It is evident also from the map that in ten or 

 twelve counties there is a considerable growth of the long-leaved pine, 

 and in perhaps twenty or twenty-five counties a good deal of the two 

 species of the short-leaved pine mingled with various hard-woods. 

 But in seven eighths of the State there is not sufficient pine to be in- 

 dicated at all on the map. 



Turning now to the statistical tables accompanying the map, we find 

 the estimated amount of merchantable pine standing at the date May 

 31, 1880, was as follows : long-leaved pine (Pinus Australia), 20,508,- 

 200,000 feet, board-measure ; short-leaved pine (Plnus mitis), 26,093,- 

 200,000 feet ; loblolly pine (Times tceda), 20,907,100,000 feet. 



It will be noticed that the estimated amoixnts of the various kinds 

 of pine found in Texas do not vary greatly from one another. The 

 amount cut during the year ending May 31, 1880, of the long-leaved 

 pine, is given 'as 06,450,000 feet ; of the Pinus mitis, or short-leaved, 

 146,420,000 feet, including 30,290,000 shingles ; and of the loblolly 

 pine, 61,570,000 feet. 



The amount of pine standing in the counties which have pine at all 

 varies from 19,000,000 to 3,216,000,000 feet each. 



From this description it will be seen that from such a simple Bul- 

 letin, with its map, any one can learn in a few minutes very accurately 

 the condition of the lumber interest in any part of the country. 



It will not be amiss, perhaps, to compare for a few moments the 

 first Bulletin, that of Texas, with the sixth, that of Michigan, the two 

 representing regions widely separated and differing also in climate 

 while the latter has been, until quite recently, one of our chief sources 

 for the supply of pine-lumber. The area of Texas is about five times as 

 great as that of Michigan. The Upper and Low T er Peninsulas of Michi- 

 gan are given upon separate maps, which are on a scale of forty miles 

 to the inch. The engraving and coloring are such as to indicate por- 

 tions abounding respectively in hard-wood, in pine, in pine and hard- 

 wood mingled together, the portions also which have been cut over, 

 whether of pine alone or of pine and hard-wood mixed, and the barrens. 



A glance at the maps shows at once that the lower portion of the 

 State, for a distance of sixty or seventy miles from the Ohio border, is 

 covered with hard-wood, except as it has been cleared for agricultural 

 purposes. Above this a broad belt stretches across the State, in which 

 pine and hard-woods have grown together, but in which the pine has 

 been mostly swept off by the lumberman's axe, and so thoroughly 

 swept off as to leave no corresponding growth to follow it in future 

 years, and the gi - eater part of the hard-wood has also been destroyed. 

 In the northern part of the Lower Peninsula some pine remains, but it 

 is apparent that the axe has felled nearly all that grew in the vicinity 

 of the streams, so that what little is now standing is reached only by 

 means of railways built especially for the purpose of transporting it to 

 market. 



