250 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



each other up. " Last year I observed several times among the Guinea- 

 pigs, which were the subjects of my experiments, that those that died 

 were eaten by the survivors. They were not troubled by hunger, for 

 they had all the corn they wanted. Possibly they sought to appease 

 their thirst in the blood of their victims." Biichner, in his psychical 

 lives of beasts, speaks of thievish bees, " which, in order to lessen their 

 labor or dispense with it wholly, made attacks in mass upon provisioned 

 hives, committed violence against the sentinels and the inhabitants, pil- 

 laged the hive, and carried away all the store of honey. If this exploit 

 was successful for several times, they, like men, acquired a stronger 

 taste for pillage and violence than for work, and ended by constituting 

 real colonies of brigands." There are isolated individuals which are 

 addicted to theft, and endeavor to slip, without being perceived, into 

 a strange hive ; their sly tricks demonstrate that they are forced to 

 concealment, and are conscious that they are transgressors. If they 

 succeed in their attempt, they afterward bring other bees to their 

 hive to tempt them to similar thefts, and thus form a society of 

 thieves. Biichner adds that bees may be artificially made thieves by 

 feeding them a special food consisting of honey mixed with brandy. 

 " Like man, they readily acquire a taste for this beverage, which exer- 

 cises the same pernicious influence upon them as upon him ; they be- 

 come excited, intoxicated, and cease to work. Do they feel hunger ? 

 Then, like man, they fall from one vice into another, and give them- 

 selves up unscrupulously to pillage and theft." 



2. Acts of Offense committed by Animals under the Influ- 

 ence of the Genetic Instinct. Such acts may be distinguished be- 

 tween those committed by the male and those committed by the female. 

 The former are more frequent and violent than the latter. Some ani- 

 mals indicate a feeling of decorous modesty, while others are absolutely 

 shameless. Without going into details on this subject, it may be con- 

 sidered sufficient here to remark that most of the sexual offenses which 

 have been defined by the law or put under the ban of human societies 

 may be observed among animals in their intercourse with each other ; 

 and instances are on record in ancient and modern history, though rare 

 and not always well authenticated, of attempts by animals against hu- 

 man beings. 



3. Acts of Offense committed by Animals under the In- 

 fluence of Maternal Love. The exceedingly marked develop- 

 ment of this instinct in female animals well justifies the epithet 

 maternal. 



Gall has remarked that while the instinct for propagation is ex- 

 tremely ardent among the males of certain species the cock, the dog, 

 the boar, and the stag, for example without the animals taking the 

 slightest interest in the young, the instinct for propagation is also 

 generally more active in the male than in the female, and generally, 

 also, the female feels a stronger love for the offspring. Many animals, 



