328 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



arms the excellent system of gymnastics for girls recently established 

 by a lady * in various parts of London, with the approval, after care- 

 ful and repeated inspection by myself, of Dr. Richardson, Mrs. Gar- 

 rett Anderson, and others, is all that can be desired. The Swedish 

 and other exercises effected without apparatus are of little use, as idle 

 and indolent girls who stand most in need of physical training easily 

 comply with the form, but evade the spirit and hearty compliance 

 which such systems demand. These systems lack motive to complete 

 an exercise, while simple apparatus, such as balls, dumb-bells, and bars, 

 compel it by keeping the end in view, and giving an impetus to its 

 performance. With half the care which mothers spend on dressing 

 and decking-out their children, often in unsuitable clothing, they 

 might, with a little help from their medical advisers, prevent most of 

 the deformities which mar the physical beauty, comfort, and health of 

 their offspring ; and no time seems more appropriate than the present 

 for directing the attention of medical practitioners, and through them 

 of parents, to the means of attaining these objects, as the short walking- 

 dresses worn by women and girls at the present time reveal to all of 

 us to what a great, indeed unexpected, extent the ugly deformities of 

 the feet and ankles to which I have referred exist, especially among 

 the well-to-do and higher classes. Lancet. 



-$-- 



TIME-KEEPING IN LONDON. 



By EDMUND A. ENGLER, 



"WASHINGTON rNIVERSITY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. 

 II. 



THE distribution of the Greenwich signals from the General Post- 

 Office in London is effected by means of the Chronopher or Time- 

 carrier,! shown in perspective in Fig. 6, and in front elevation in Fig. 

 1.% To this instrument the hourly signal from the observatory is sent 

 by means of a special under-ground wire. Branching out from it are 

 four groups of wires : 1. Metropolitan, running to points in London 

 only. 2. Provincial Short, to points not more than fifty miles from 

 London, as Brighton, etc. 3. Provincial Medium, to points farther 

 away, as Hull, etc. 4. Provincial Long, to extreme points, as Edin- 

 burgh, Belfast, etc. # The ends of each of the four groups are brought 



* Miss M. A. Chreiman, 69 Petherton Road, N. 



f There are actually two of these ; the one shown in the figure is the new and larger one. 



\ For a description of the chronopher, from which the above is condensed, and for 

 drawings from which Figs. 7, 8, and 9 have been made, the writer is indebted to Will- 

 iam H. Preece, Esq., Superintendent of Telegraphs, London. 



* The Greenwich signals are sent into Ireland only for purposes of comparison ; Dub- 

 lin time is used throughout the island. 



