424 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Charles Darwin. Memorial Notices, reprint- 

 ed from "' Nature." London : Macinillau & Co. 

 Pp. 82. Price, 75 cents. 



A Whimsical Wooing. By Anton Giulio Ba- 

 rili. From the Italian hy Clara Bell. New iork: 

 Y\ illiain S. Gottsberger. Pp. 88. 



Experimental Physiology. Its Benefits to 

 Mankind. By Richard Owen, C. B, M. D., 

 P. JR. S., etc. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 

 Pp. 216. Price, live shilling;;. 



Youth: Its Care and Culture. By J. Mortimer 

 Granville. New York: M. A. lio'jbiook & Co. 

 Pp. 107. 



The Scieniific and Technical Reader. Lon- 

 don: T Nelson & Sous. Pp. 400. Price, 2s. 6U. 



The Factors of Civilization, Real and As- 

 sumed. Considered m I heir Relation to Vice, 

 Misery, Happiness, Unhappiuess, and Progress. 

 Vol. II. Atlanta, Georgia; James P. Harrison 

 <& Co. Pp. 359. 



Text-Book of Geology. By Archibald Geikie. 

 London: Macmillan & Co. Pp. 971. Price, $7.50. 



The Coties Check-List of North American 

 Birds. Second edition. Boston: Estes & Lau- 

 riat. Pp. 165. 



The Diseases of the Liver, with and without 

 Jaundice. Hy George Harley. M.D. Philadel- 

 phia : P. Blakiston, Son & Co. Pp. 751. Price, $5. 



Novissimum Organon : The Certainties, 

 Guesses, and Observations of John Thinking- 

 machine. By James Ferdinand Mallinckrodt. 

 St. Louis : Hugh R. Hildreth Printing Co. Pp. 

 116. 



Quintus Claudius : A Romance of Imperial 

 Rome. By Ernst Eckstein. From the German 

 by Clara Bell In two vols. New York : Will- 

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Dress and Care of the Feet. By L'r. P. Kah- 

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POPULAR MISCELLANY. 



Mortality in Town and Conntry. Pro- 

 fessor Finkelnburg attempted to show, in a 

 paper read at the recent Sanitary Congress 

 in Cologne, that cities are not of necessity 

 less healthy than country districts, and that, 

 where they appear to be so, the fact can 

 generally be attributed to local influences 

 affecting the hygienic or economical condi- 

 tion of the population. The analysis and 

 comparison of adult male and female mor- 

 tality and infant mortality bring out many 

 interesting facts. The male population of 

 the cities is described as being less healthy 

 than the female population, and liable to 

 consumption and affections of the heart, 

 brain, and kidneys. In Cologne, the mor- 

 tality among women over thirty years of 

 nge is not only less than among men, but is 

 less than the death-rate among women of 

 the same ages in other parts of the Cologne 

 district. Similar results are shown at Bonn. 

 The deaths of men from consumption show 

 a marked predominance in the centers of 

 the textile and metal industries. The fact 



that a similar result appears in country dis- 

 tricts where labor of a similar character is 

 carried on is presumptive evidence that the 

 mortality is associated with the industrial 

 activity of the towns. Epidemic diseases 

 seem to show an excessive urban mortality 

 only in the case of young children. Infant 

 mortality appears to reach its highest point 

 where the population is most dense, and the 

 proportion of female labor in the factories 

 is most considerable. A more favorable 

 condition, however, seems to prevail in those 

 districts where domestic labor is general. 

 It is proved with a certain amount of clear- 

 ness that infant mortality varies according 

 to the dwelling accommodation in towns and 

 the amount of parental care which circum- 

 stances permit. This result is not a sure 

 guide as to all diseases, for which diarrhoea 

 and similar disorders contribute a notable 

 proportion to urban mortality in general ; 

 deaths from diphtheria and whooping-cough 

 in the Rhine provinces are more numerous 

 in the country than in the towns. Professor 

 Finkelnburg also notices that the mortality 

 in cities increases in the summer and fall, 

 while the increase in the country takes 

 place during the winter and spring. 



Indians of the Undson Bay Territory. 



Dr. John Rae has furnished the Society 

 of Arts with some information about the 

 native tribes of the Hudson Cay Compa- 

 ny's Territories, which is all the more val- 

 uable because it is thirty years or more 

 old ; for it brings us nearer to the original 

 condition of the tribes before they were af- 

 fected as much as they are now by inter-^ 

 course with the white men. Dr. Rae divides 

 the native tribes of the Territory into the 

 Innuits, or Esquimaux, of the Arctic sea- 

 board down to Labrador; the Dene Dind- 

 jie, eleven tribes east of the Rocky Mount- 

 ains and south of the Esquimaux; the 

 Algonquins, twelve tribes ; and the IIu- 

 rons-Iroquois, of Lake Huron, the Ottawa 

 River, and the Province of Quebec. The 

 Wood Crees, one of the principal tribes on 

 Hudson Bay, are a fine, docile race, with 

 comparatively few faults, and these inju- 

 rious only to themselves. They are very 

 fond of strong drinks, and have a great dis- 

 like to agricultural labor on their own ac- 

 count, although they work very well for 



