454 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



and used horn arrows in hunting instead of the notched ones ; or else 

 they were manufacturers of war-points for other tribes, and lived 

 peaceably by hunting, fishing, and agricultural labors. All that we 

 know could be interpreted more in favor of the first view than of the 

 second, for, while we are sure they were agricultural to a certain extent, 

 this fact would not be opposed to an argument for their warlike char- 

 acter. The Southern Indians, within the historic j)eriod, were at war 

 all the time, and still raised quantities of maize.* 



The fact of the race of people here buried raising maize is estab- 

 lished by finding, in some pits, quantities of it completely carbonized. 

 Corn seems to have often been placed in pots and buried with the 

 bodies, to serve, perhaps, as food for the journey to the spirit-land. 

 Another of their agricultural labors was that of raising tobacco ; for, 

 in common with nearly all the other North American races, they were 

 smokers. Numbers of pipes, of various styles and materials, are found 

 here. Some of them are of the red clay known as Catlinite, others of 

 ordinary limestone. In Fig. 19 is shown a pipe carved out of hard 



Fig. 19. 



limestone. It is very highly polished, and considerable skill is exhibit- 

 ed in the carving of the head. It is evidently meant for a wolf, and 

 the teeth, though interlocking in a peculiar way, are still tolerably true 

 to nature in having the long canines. f 



* Jones, " Antiquity of the Southern Indians," p. 7. " When, in 1730, the whites in- 

 terposed their good offices to bring about a pacification between the Tuscaroras and the 

 Cherokees, the latter responded : ' We can not live without war; should we make peace 

 with the Tuscaroras, with whom we are at war, we must immediately look out for some 

 other with whom we can be engaged in our beloved occupation.' " For notice of agri- 

 cultural labors, see Jones, pp. 296 to 320. 



f Many other forms of pipes from this locality are given in the "Journal of the Cin. 

 cinnati Society of Natural History," vol. iii, Nos. 1, 2, and 3. 



