47Q THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



desirable for a citizen and a man, it is impossible to refuse the claims 

 of the department of Historical and Social study. One or two good 

 representative historical periods might be thoroughly mastered, in 

 conjunction with the best theoretical compends of Social Phi- 

 losophy. 



Further, the ideal graduate, who is to guide and not follow opinion, 

 should be well versed in all the bearings of the Spiritual Philosophy 

 of the time. The subject branches out into wide regions, but not 

 wider than you should be capable of following it. This is not a pro- 

 fessional study merely ; it is the study of a well-instructed man. 



Once more. A share of attention should be bestowed early on the 

 higher literature of the imagination. As, in after-life, j)oetry and 

 elegant composition are to be counted on as a pleasure and solace, they 

 should be taken up at first as a study. The critical examination of 

 styles, and of authors, which forms an admirable basis of a student's 

 society, should be a work of study and research. The advantages will 

 be many and lasting. To conceive the exact scope and functions of 

 the imagination in art, in science, in religion, and everywhere, will 

 repay the trouble. 



Ever since I remember, I have been accustomed to hear of the 

 superiority of the Arts' graduate, in various crafts, more especially as 

 a teacher. Many of you in these days pass into another vocation 

 letters, or the jn-ess. Here, too, almost everything you learn will 

 pay you professionally. Still, I am careful not to rest the case for 

 general education on professional grounds alone. I might show you 

 that the highest work of all original inquiry needs a broad basis of 

 liberal study ; or, at all events, is vastly aided by that. Genius will 

 work on even a narrow basis, but imperfect preparatory study leaves 

 marks of imperfection in the product. 



The same considerations that determine your voluntary studies 

 determine also the university ideal. A university, in my view, stands 

 or falls with its Arts' faculty. Without debating the details, we may 

 say that this faculty should always be representative of the needs of 

 our intelligence, both for the professional and for the extra-professional 

 life ; it should not be of the shop, shoppy. The university exists 

 because the professions would stagnate without it ; and, still more, 

 because it may be a means of enlarging knowledge at all points. Its 

 watchword is progress. We have, at last, the division of labor in 

 teaching ; outside the university, teachers too much resemble the 

 regent of old having too many subjects, and too much time spent in 

 grinding. Our teachers are exactly the reverse. 



Yet, there can not be progress without a sincere and single eye to 

 the truth. The fatal sterility of the middle ages, and of our first and 

 second university periods, had to do with the mistake of gagging men's 

 mouths, and dictating all their conclusions. Things came to be so 

 arranged that contradictory views ran side by side, like opposing elec- 



