546 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Jamaica. After the invasion of Belgium, in 1814, the family removed 

 to Paris, and established themselves there. M. Milne-Edwards studied 

 medicine under the direction of his brother, William Edwards, author 

 of a work on the influence of physical agents upon life, and afterward 

 a member of the Institute, and was graduated as Bachelor in Letters in 

 1821, and Doctor of Medicine, at Paris, in 1823. In the latter year 

 he presented several memoirs to the Academy of Sciences, among 

 which was one on " The Influence of the Nervous System upon Diges- 

 tion," which he prepared in conjunction with Breschet. In 1825 he 

 published, in connection with Vavaseur, a " Manual of Materia Medi- 

 ca," of which a second edition appeared in 1828, and translations were 

 made into English and German. His attention was afterward concen- 

 trated upon the zoological branches of science ; and from this time on 

 the history of his life is a record of his researches and his publications 

 in those branches, the briefest satisfactory account of which would 

 fill the space of an article. 



In 1826 he began, with V. Audouin, a long series of researches on 

 the anatomy, physiology, and zoology of the marine animals of the 

 French coasts, for the purposes of which he, either alone, or with his 

 co-laborers, made several sojourns at different points on the sea-shore. 

 Between 1826 and 1830 he thus explored in succession the coasts of 

 Granville, of the Chaussey Islands, of St. Malo, Noirmontiers, and col- 

 lected the materials for his work on "The Littoral of France," in two 

 volumes, one of which is devoted to the history of the Annelids, and 

 w T as the subject of a long report by Cuvier. In the beginning of 1827 

 he presented to the Academy a memoir which he had prepared, in con- 

 nection with M. Audouin, on the circulation of the blood in the Crus- 

 tacea, which received the prize in Experimental Physiology. His 

 "Manual of Surgical Anatomy," published in the same year, was 

 translated into Dutch and English. During a few years following he 

 was engaged much of his time in chemical investigations in the lab- 

 oratory of M. Dumas, whose pleasure it was, in making one of the 

 speeches on the presentation of the medal, to speak of himself as the 

 oldest of his friends and the closest witness of the labors by wdiich 

 his life was made illustrious. 



In 1832 he was appointed Professor of Natural History in the Col- 

 lege Henri IV, and Professor of Public Hygiene and Natural History 

 in the Central School of Arts and Manufactures. In the next year he 

 prepared the zoological part of an elementary work on natural history, 

 by himself and Achille Comte. In 1834 he published his " Elements 

 of Zoology," an elementary book on zoology for lyceums, which is in- 

 cluded, with a " Botany " by Jussieu and a " Mineralogy " by Beudant, 

 in the "Elementary Course of Natural History," and a general work 

 on the Crustacea, in three large volumes and an atlas, the last volume 

 of which appeared in 1836. It was while he was engaged upon this 

 work " which has become classic, and has been the point of depart- 



