SKETCH OF HENRI MILNE-ED WARDS. 547 



ure for all the studies in that grand division of the animal kingdom" 

 that M. Blanchard became acquainted with him, and it was of this 

 period of his career that that friend said, in his presentation speech : 

 " At that time much was said of your discoveries on the organization 

 of marine animals, and of your researches on the littoral of France. 

 . . . Generally, naturalists have studied marine animals in the cabi- 

 net ; you were of the opinion that it would be better to observe them 

 on their domain, in the actions of their life. The learned world ap- 

 plauded." 



In 1834 he made a journey to Algeria, and on his return presented 

 to the Academy several memoirs on the marine ajiimals of the African 

 coast, and also one on the changes in the color of the chameleon. His 

 researches on the Polyps, the results of which were published in 1838, 

 were begun at this time, and continued with the co-operation of M. J. 

 Haime. 



In 1839 he published a work on the Ascidians, prepared after 

 investigations at St. Vaast la Hogue and Nice, and passed several 

 months at Roscoff in making observations on the blood-circulation of 

 the Annelids. In 1841 he published a special work on the Acalephs, 

 Spermatophores, Cephalopods, and Eolidians. In 1844 he went to 

 Sicily with MM. de Quatrefages and E. Blanchard, on a mission the 

 scientific results of which were embodied in a work in three volumes, 

 the first of which contained the account of his studies on the circulation 

 of the mollusks. On his return from this journey, he was appointed a 

 professor in the Faculty of Sciences in Paris, in place of M. E. Geof- 

 f roy Saint-Hilaire, in a position to which he had already been inducted 

 as a substitute in 1838, while he had also been appointed Professor of 

 Natural History in the Museum, in place of V. Audouin, in 1841. It 

 is of this period that M. Blanchard said in his eulogy : " You became 

 professor in the Museum, and found me assistant naturalist to the chair 

 to which all the votes designated you. I have forgotten nothing of 

 that time from which nearly forty years now separate us. One thought 

 ruled you, dear master, that of giving a strong impetus to our science. 

 You excited to research by your example ; by your counsel, you indi- 

 cated to young naturalists the ways they should pursue. Desiring to 

 make explorations in the warm parts of the Mediterranean littoral, you 

 took M. de Quatrefages and myself to Sicily. We returned from there 

 with a harvest. You brought a new light to science : you showed 

 for the first time how certain vital functions are performed when the 

 organic apparatus are still in a condition of relative imperfection. 

 You were able in a short time* to furnish a thousand proofs that the 

 sign of the highest perfection of organisms is given by the division of 

 physiological labor. You were still young, Monsieur Milne-Edwards, 

 but you were already saluted as a master and recognized as a chief. 

 Witnesses of that epoch, now becoming a little rare among us, recol- 

 lect how, everywhere that science was in honor, interest was taken in 



