LITERARY NOTICES. 



565 



with the development of the organic king- 

 dom are considered with fullness, and by 

 a naturalist competent to deal with them. 

 In his preface the author observes : "A con- 

 siderable experience as a biological teacher 

 has long since convinced me that the hesi- 

 tancy with which evolution is accepted and 

 the doubt with which even cultured persons 

 are occasionally apt to view this conception 

 of nature arise chiefly from lack of knowl- 

 edge concerning the overwhelming evidences 

 of its existence which natural history pre- 

 sents. Doubtless, a training in botany and 

 zoology is required before the case for evolu- 

 tion can be fully mastered, but there need be 

 no difficulty in the way of any intelligent per- 

 son forming a just estimate of evolution upon 

 even an elementary acquaintance with the 

 facts of biology. I have accordingly sought 

 to bring such facts prominently before the 

 notice of my readers, and I would fain hope 

 that even the complex topic of ' develop- 

 ment ' itself, a strong pillar of the theory of 

 evolution, is susceptible of easy appreciation 

 when the facts and inferences to be drawn 

 therefrom are plainly stated." 



Youth : Its Care and Culture. An Out- 

 line of Principles for Parents and Guard- 

 ians. By J. Mortimer-Granville. New 

 York : M. L. Holbrook & Co. Pp. 167. 



The author is known as a thoughtful 

 and vigorous writer on subjects of practical 

 hygiene and discipline. The aim of his 

 present work is to expose " certain fallacies " 

 which prevail on the subject of child man- 

 agement and education, ar_d to indicate, " in 

 suggestive outline," the principles which 

 should guide parents in the care and culture 

 of youth. He considers the physical and 

 moral training of boys and girls, advocating 

 the allowance of the freest scope for phys- 

 ical growth in both sexes, with a "hardy" 

 treatment and no coddling, and a particu- 

 larity in moral culture which is as strange 

 to the general society of the day as it is 

 much needed. 



Dress and Care of the Feet. By Dr. P. 

 Kahler. New York : G. P. Putnam's 

 Sons. Pp. 37. 



Dr. Kahler believes that chiropody 

 should be recognized as a profession, and 

 that those who intend to practice it should 

 be scientifically qualified for their vocation. 



lie enforces the importance of caring for 

 the feet, a healthy condition of which is 

 considered very closely connected with hap- 

 piness and the soundness of the whole body, 

 and particularly of the brain and nervous 

 system. His manual consists chiefly of 

 practical suggestions respecting the treat- 

 ment of diseases and aches of the feet, con- 

 cerning the care of the feet that will pre- 

 vent their acquiring diseases and aches, and 

 on the proper construction and form of 

 shoes. 



Report of T. B. Ferguson, a Commissioner 

 of Fisheries of Maryland. Hagers- 

 town, Maryland. Pp. 152, with Plates. 



The report describes the work done in 

 the western part of the State during 1880. 

 This work, which includes also the distribu- 

 tion of 1,500,000 shad and 090 carp in wa- 

 ters wholly within the eastern section of the 

 State, under the direction of the Western 

 Commissioner, is regarded as very impor- 

 tant, both on account of the success attained 

 in the attempted propagation of several va- 

 rieties of valuable fish by artificial means, 

 and because of the accumulated proofs 

 which the year afforded of the happy re- 

 sults of the effort fully to restock the wa- 

 ters of the State with shad. A valuable 

 account of experiments and observations in 

 oyster-culture, by John A. Ryder, is added. 



Sixth Annual Report of the State Board 

 of Health of Wisconsin. 1881. Madi- 

 son, Wisconsin. (J. T. Reeve, Appleton, 

 Secretary.) Pp. 14G. 



The health of the State was generally 

 good during the year, notwithstanding the 

 unusually large number of deaths from dis- 

 eases of the respiratory organs among old 

 people, caused by the severe winter of 1880- 

 '81. The history of the various contagious 

 diseases which appeared is reviewed Es- 

 pecial attention is given to the condition of 

 the schools and school-houses, in respect to 

 which the board trust that the beginning of 

 a change for the better may be seen, the 

 end of which shall be that the improve- 

 ments which are demanded shall receive the 

 consideration due to them, and " the child 

 shall be recognized as a being of higher 

 value than the grade, rather than as subor- 

 dinate thereto." 



