4 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 



1 Norwegian, 7 Swedish peasants, 2 Swedes from Finland, 3 Swedes from 

 Sudermanland, 1 Ostrogoth, 1 Turannic Swede, 2 Cimbric Swedes, i 

 Cimbrian from Moen Island, 11 Germans, 1 Dutchman, 4 Prussians, and 

 1 Ancient Burgundian. Among these I have also placed 3 Swedish-Finns, 

 which, though mixed, are more Swedish than Finnish. Next to these 

 from their affinity, have been arranged the heads of 9 true Finns and a 

 cast of a Finlander's skull. 



Of 4 Swedish peasants, the highest internal capacity is 99, the 

 lowest 65, while the average of the group is 83 cubic inches. Of 2 Swedes 

 from Finland, the larger is 107.5, the smaller 93.75, and the mean 100.62. 

 Of 3 Swedes from Sudermanland, the highest measurement gives 108.25, 

 the lowest 102, and the mean 101.41 inches. Of two Cimbric Swedes, the 

 higher is 94, the lower 80, the mean 87. Of 10 GTerman heads, the highest 

 is 104, the lowest 70, and the mean of the series 88.6. The skull of a 

 Dutch gentleman (No. 434) is the largest in the entire collection, for it 

 measures 114 cubic inches of internal capacity. Four Prussian skulls 

 give 92 for the highest, 80 for the lowest, and 83.5 for the mean. The 

 average for this branch of the Teutonic Family, as deduced from the 

 foregoing measurements is about 94 cubic inches. 



Of 3 Swedish Finns, the highest internal capacity is 89, the lowest 85, 

 and the mean 87 inches. Of 9 true Finns, the highest is 112.5, the lowest 

 81.5, the mean 94.3. A large portion of this valuable series from Nos. 

 1545 to 1550, and from 1542 to 1541, were received from Prof. Eetzius, 

 after the death of Dr. Morton. 



Many of the above Crania " have been obtained from hospitals and 

 institutions for paupers, whence we may infer that they pertain to the 

 least cultivated portion of their race."* The brief histories attached to 

 Nos. 1539, 1540, 1542 and 1546, were written in the Danish language, on 

 slips of paper, which had been placed in the cavity of each cranium. Of 

 these I obtained translations through the kindness of Dr. L. Elsberg. 



The Anglo-Saxon race differs from the Teutonic in having a less 

 spheroidal and more decidedly oval cranium. 



" I have not hitherto exerted myself to obtain crania of the Anglo- 

 Saxon race, except in the instance of individuals who have been signalized 

 by their crimes ; and this number is too small to be of any importance in 

 a generalization like the present. Yet, since these skulls have been 

 procured without any reference to their size, it is remarkable that five 

 give an average of 96 cubic inches for the bulk of the brain ; the smallest 

 head measuring 91, and the largest 105 cubic inches. It is necessary to 

 observe, however, that these are all male crania ; but on the other hand> 

 they pertained to the lowest class of society, and three of them died on 

 the gallows for the crime of murder." 



*This and the following quotations are taken from the unfinished memoir left by Br. 

 Morton. The MS was kindly loaned to me by his son, Mr. Robert P Morion. 



