274 THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST 



the Indian Stonechat {Saxicola torquata indica). This form 

 breeds in Western Siberia, Russian Turkestan to the 

 Southern Urals, and Western Himalayas, wintering in 

 India. It has once before been procured in Britain, near 

 Cley, Norfolk, on 2nd September 1904, but both it and the 

 Melodious Warbler are new to the Scottish list. 



GENERAL NOTES ON HABITATS AND OCCUR- 

 RENCES OF LAND AND FRESH -WATER 

 MOLLUSCA IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND. 



By Fred Booth. 



[This is the fifth of the series of notes on investigation of the northern 

 range of mollusca in Scotland, undertaken by aid of a Government 

 grant. W. D. R.] 



{Concluded frcnn page 253.) 



Clausilia bideniata was about as equally distributed as 

 Sphyradium, with the exception of the north side of Aberdeen 

 on the sandhills. It could be found in all manner of habitats 

 where mollusca occurred. It was most abundant along with Pupa 

 cylindracea at the foot of the walls of the ruined church on the road 

 to Torran from Broadford. In many cases it was associated with 

 Balea under the stones on the tops of walls. On the east coast it 

 occurred in the cracks up the cliffs, most commonly at Muchalls, 

 Kincardineshire. In Aberdeenshire it was scarce. Clausilia 

 laminata was not seen. There were several likely-looking places for 

 it on the west coast, but it failed to put in an appearance. The 

 scrubby patches of wood on Skye where ash was common appeared 

 most likely, but it did not turn up. 



The occurrence of Succinea putris is very questionable, but 

 S. elegans was found in wet places on the coast at Gairloch, and 

 occurred abundantly in Aberdeenshire, on Iris, reeds, rushes, etc., 

 in the small streams and boggy places, both on the sandhills and 

 cliffs, also inland by the side of the river Don. 



Carychiu?n minimum, although occurring in all likely places both 

 on the west and east coasts, was by no means common, in the sense 

 that one generally associates with the species. 



