PIONEERS IN MOSQUITO SANITATION 65 



SOME PIONEERS IN MOSQUITO SANITATION AND OTHER 



MOSQUITO WOEK 



By Dr. L. O. HOWARD 



BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY 



IN planning, as early as 1903, a monograph of the mosquitoes of 

 North and Central America and the West Indies which should be 

 of service to zoologists and sanitarians, 1 the writer included in his out- 

 line plan some consideration of the pioneer workers in this field, and 

 with considerable trouble secured the photographs which are reproduced 

 in this article. He well knew the interest which always attaches to the 

 personalities of men who do great work, and felt sure that the publica- 

 tion of these likenesses would add greatly to the interest of the mono- 

 graph. But when the monograph was completed and printing begun, 

 he discovered that the Carnegie Institution of Washington had laid 

 down a rule that the portraits of living men were not to be published 

 in any of the volumes issued by the institution. This was rather em- 

 barrassing, since it had been definitely stated to the foreign workers 

 that the jmotographs would be used in this way; but since this was 

 impossible, it seems desirable to have them appear in accessible form, 

 and it is with full confidence that the readers of The Popular Sciexce 

 Monthly will be glad to know what these men look like that these lines 

 are written. During the four or five years following Ross's discovery of 

 the carriage of malaria by certain species of Anopheles there was intense 

 activity in many parts of the world in mosquito investigations, and 

 it is the pioneer workers of this period who are here shown. The 

 only very prominent worker who is omitted is Robert Koch, whose pho- 

 tograph I was unable to secure. The only Americans included are the 

 original members of the Army Yellow Fever Commission, Dr. A. F. A. 

 King, of Washington, Dr. J. H. White, of the U. S. Public Health 

 Service, and Surgeon- General Gorgas, who during that period had ac- 

 complished his wonderful clean-up of Havana. 



They are a fine, forceful set of men, as their faces show, and to this 

 group the world for all time will owe much. Nearly all of them are, 

 or were, known personally to the writer, and he can thus assure those 

 who read this article that the faces of the men themselves are like their 

 photographs. 



1 This -work under the joint authorship of the writer, H. G. Dyar and 

 Frederick Knab, has been completed. Two volumes have been published, and 

 the final two will shortly appear, under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution 

 of Washington. 



VOL. LXXXVII. 5. 



