The Scottish Naturalist. 319 



prickly hairs. The rosette may be \\ inch across. Be- 

 tween the leaves live several of the larvae. The galls are 

 common in Perthshire, but I have not seen them farther 

 north (T.S.N. , II., 79). Mr. Binnie says that they are 

 common enough everywhere near Glasgow (B.I., 160). 



Pimpinella Saxifraga (Burnet Saxifrage) frequently bears 

 fruits much enlarged, about \ inch diam., smooth, green, 

 and thin. They are tenanted by one cr more larvae of 

 Asphondylia Pimpinellce F. Lw.; usually three or four 

 galls, or more, exist on each umbel. They are frequent 

 in August and September along the Dee and also at 

 Braes of Gight ; and I have tjiem from Perth ; and Mr. 

 Binnie reports them from the vicinity of Glasgow. 

 (T.S.N., I., 125, IV., 15 ; T.A.I. 62; B. II., 113). 



Angelica sylvestris (Wild Angelica) is recorded by Mr. Binnie 

 as having the flowers galled. The carpels are swollen, as 

 are also the other parts of the flowers ; but the larvae 

 occupy only the cups of the flowers. The galls were 

 found near Glasgow. I know of no other record for 

 them. Mr. Binnie suggests that they are probably the 

 work of A. Pimpinellce F. Lw. (B.IL, 113 and 185). 



Heracleum sphondylium (Cow Parsnip) frequently has the 

 young leaves near the root, and at the tips of the stems, 

 folded along the chief veins and slightly distorted, but 

 not otherwise altered ; in the spaces thus formed live 

 several white larvae of C. corrugans F.Lw. (C. Heraclei 

 Kalt). I have found these pseudo-galls common during 

 summer at Aberdeen, Muchalls, and Perth (T.S.X., IV., 

 15 ; T.A.I., 62, and T.A., II., 55). 



The genus G-aliuHl (the " Bedstraws ") includes a number of 

 species that are galled by midges. Several of them are 

 attacked by Cec Galii Winn.; and the galls are, of 

 course, much alike, differing only in minor points ; 

 hence one general description may almost serve for all. 

 The galls of C. Galii in most cases form rather fleshy 

 swellings on the stem, just above a node, or at the tip; 

 often reddish or dull purple on the side most exposed to 

 light ; the thickness and fleshiness of the wall varies with 

 the species of Galium. Often the galls are single ; but 

 sometimes they are united more or less closely into 



