320 The Scottish Naturalist. 



masses; and occasionally flower-buds are galled. The 

 larvae are orange. When full grown, they escape from 

 the gall usually by a cleft in its wall and pupate in 

 the soil. The galls of this midge are very common in 

 Scotland. 

 G. verum (Lady's Bedstraw). 



i. Galls of G. Galii on this plant vary a good deal. They 

 commonly form groups of three or more, near the 

 nodes, each gall being an outgrowth about J- inch 

 across. This form of gall is yellowish-green or 

 pink, and smooth and shining, as if oiled ; and 

 the wall is rather thick and soft. (T.S.N.,L, 156; I., 

 62 a). Another frequent form is smaller than the last, 

 with a dull green or reddish surface, more firm walls, and 

 larger cavity. It is axillary ; or forms a mass near the 

 tip of the stems, in which the separate galls cannot be 

 made out. (T.S.N. , II., 80, T.A., I., 62-63). Occa- 

 sionally the flower-buds are galled and somewhat 

 swollen and inflated. 



2. From the sides of the stem, a little way above a node, an 



outgrowth or two opposite project about ^ inch. Each 

 of the outgrowths is flattened laterally, and is obliquely 

 conical, with the beak turned downwards, or occasionally 

 upwards. It is green, naked and slightly wrinkled, and 

 encloses a relatively large cavity, in which lives a whitish 

 larva of a Gecidomyia. The outer wall is very thin. 

 (T.S.N., II., So ; T.A., 63 c.) 



3. The stem terminates in a spirally twisted tuft of leaves, the 



outer of which remain green and fresh, while the inner 

 wither. Among the latter live several larvae of a Geci- 

 domyia ; which pupate in the soil, (T.S.N. , I., 151, and 

 II., 80 ; T.A., I., 63 d.) For all the above see also 

 B.I., 160). 

 The galls of G. Galii seem to be abundant throughout Scotland. 

 Gall 2 also is common in Orkney, Sutherland, Moray, 

 Aberdeen, Kincardine, Forfar, Perth, and Glasgow. 

 Gall 3 has been found by me near Aberdeen and in 

 Kincardine, and by Mr. Binnie near Glasgow; but is 

 less frequent. 

 G. palustre (Marsh Bedstraw). C. Galii forms terminal of 



